° 68 NEW ZEALAND NATURE-STUDY BOOK 
The fleshy part of the Apple is the swollen receptacle in 
which the five carpels of the pistil are buried. As the 
seeds ripen, the receptacle increases in size, becomes sweet 
and fleshy, and finally composes the greater part of the 
fruit. The seeds (pips) are pear-shaped ; each is covered 
by a dark brown shiny skin and contains the embryo. 
It will be seen that the apple is an example of a fruit 
formed largely by the receptacle. The Pear is another 
example. The fruit of these trees is known as a pome. 
The Plum. The fruit of the Plum, like that. of the 
hazel-nut, consists of a seed enclosed in a covering. The 
covering comprises an 
outer skin, a hard horny 
layer known as the stone, 
Quier Layer ~- 
: off Hh yer - XS : 
iad om and lying between these 
a sweet juicy mass, the 
hi) flesh of the fruit. The 
Fig. 55.—Peach drupe cut through, — three parts of the covering 
shewing stone. 
in this case correspond to 
the three layers composing the shell of the Hazel-nut. A 
fruit of this kind is called a drupe. The Cherry, Apricot, 
Peach, Karamu (coprosmas), Totara, Kaikatea, Matai and 
Miro are other well-known examples. 
The Gooseberry. In this case the seeds are imbedded 
in a soft sweet juicy pulp, the covering, which is hard in 
the Hazel-nut and Acorn, being modified to form the thin 
outer skin and the soft pulp within. Such a fruit is called 
a berry. Other plants whose fruit are berries are the 
Fuchsia, Potato, Poro-poro (solanum aviculare), and Cabbage 
tree (Cordylene australis). 
CoMPOUND FRUITS. 
The Fruit of the Rose. In the Wild Rose or Sweet 
Briar the fruits are called “hips.” They are oval in shape, 
