THE HORSE 231 
on each side of each jaw, is a space free from teeth called 
the bar. Itisinto this space that the bit fits, where it 
can rest without causing inconvenience. 
Male horses have blunt canine teeth 
immediately behind the incisors. | 
The incisors are the same size in each 
jaw, and show an oval pit in the centre 
of the crown. It is by means of these 
teeth that the Horse is able to bite off 
the grass so close to the ground. 
The molar teeth are large and broad, 
Big. 132. incisors: with ridges of hard enamel standing up 
above the general level, so that the upper 
surfaces are uneven and hence better adapted 
for grinding. It is with these that the food 
is ground to pieces, the process being assisted 
by a side to side movement of the jaws. 
The jaws of the Cat are able to be moved Fig. 133.— 
Upper surfaces, 
up and down only ; those of the Horse and showing folding of 
‘ : the enamel and 
all other chewing animals possess the double complicated struc- 
ture of crown. 
movement just referred to. 
The eyes are large and prominent, with transversely 
oblong pupils, and are situated at the sides of the 
head, a position which admirably adapts them for 
seeing in all directions. The Horse 
in its wild state was a timid animal 
and relied for safety mainly on its 
speed, hence the necessity for dis-— 
covering the approach of danger at 
the earliest possible moment. The 
Hes 18 ye, showing inconvenience arising from the Horse’s 
| capacity for seeing all round, is 
obviated by the use of winkers. Its sight, moreover, is 
very keen—anyone who has done much riding will know 
