STRUTHIOLARIA VERMIS var. TRICARINATA 
(struthio, an ostrich; vermis, a worm; tricarinata, thrice- 
ribbed or keeled).—This shell resembles the species very 
closely, but the suture is not so well marked or deeply 
excavated, and there are three pronounced keels, or carinae, 
spirally running round the body whorl, the lowest one 
arising from the suture. From careful examination of 
many specimens, and critical analysis of the descriptions 
given by Hutton and Suter, I have come to the conclusion 
that this so-called sub-species is merely a juvenile or im- 
mature form of the species. Moreover, it is only to be 
found in the same localities as the adult form. 
XENOPHORA CORRUGATA (xenos, strange; pho- 
reus, a bearer; corrugata, corrugated ).—Commonly known 
as the Carrier shell, this species is the most extraordinary 
of all the New Zealand mollusca, for it has a habit of 
cementing the valves of other animals to its own shell, 
together with fragments of stone, until it is almost en- 
tirely hidden. The shells used are mostly those of bivalves, 
which are fixed on the shoulders of the whorls between 
the peripheral spines, with the inner surface invariably 
facing upwards. Some specimens have sponges attached 
to them, which have grown upon the dead shells. The 
Xenophora resembles the Astraea sulcata in general shape, 
but as it is always met with in the camouflaged state there 
is not the slightest difficulty in identifying it. About two 
and a-half inches high, and two and three-quarter inches 
in diameter; obtained only by dredging in about twenty 
to twenty-five fathoms of water. 
Hauraki Gulf; Bay of Islands; Tiri Tiri Island; Hen 
and Chickens; Little Barrier Island. 
CALYPTRAEA MACULATA (calyptra, a lady’s cap; 
maculata, spotted)—A somewhat round limpet-like shell, 
about an inch and a-half in diameter, covered with a bright 
and silky-looking epidermis and commonly known as the 
Bonnet limpet, or Cup and Saucer limpet. When the shell 
is denuded of its epidermis, it is seen to be white with pale 
purple or bluish tints. There is a spiral twist to the shell, 
and the apex is eccentric. The under surface is usually 
white, and has about half its area covered in with a thin 
plate-like process. There is also a purple patch extending 
into the interior. ; 
Found throughout New Zealand. Mount Maunganui; 
Chatham Islands. 
CALYPTRAEA SCUTUM (calypitra, a lady’s cap; 
scutum, a shield).—A small limpet-like, brown or purplish, 
45 
Plate IV 
No. 17 
Plate IV 
No.1 
Plate VI 
No.1 
Plate VI 
No. 2-Za. 
Sea Shells 
of New Zealand 
