46 X THE GEELONG NATURALIST. 
animals have far more intelligence and higher mental faculties 
than most people give them credit for. He points out that the 
line of demarcation between reason and instinct is by no means 
clearly defined, and that what we are accustomed to put down 4 
to instinct in the lower animals, should be put down in reality 
to reason, perhaps not so highly trained and developed as in 
iil man, but nevertheless reason, after all. While it cannot cer- 
"M tainly be demonstrated that the lower animals have souls, and 
ai are immortal, neither can these properties be clearly proved to 
be in the possession of the human race. Many examples are 
cited, tending to show that some of the lower animals are sus- 
ceptible of improvement by education, that they profit by 
experience, and appear to be able to think and reason from given 
INI data and arrive at correct conclusions. Again, on the other 
f hand, it cannot be proved that they do not possess souls which 
i ae live after their bodies die ; in short, no one can assert positively 
that the presence or absence of a soul characterises either man 
Á or animals. 
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OUR EXHIBITION. 
The second Annual Exhibition of the Club was held at the 
Gordon College on the 16th and 17th November. Some little 
difficulty was experienced in finding room for the large number 
of exhibits sent in, but by the exercise of considerable ingenuity 
| a very artistic arrangement was made. In one corner of the 
n - room Mr. Shaw produced a very life-like representation of the 
habits of the black swan, while Mr. Hammerton reproduced in 
R the opposite corner a field naturalist’s camp. 
uit The opening ceremony was performed by Professor Baldwin 
Spencer, who was introduced by Mr. J. Bracebridge Wilson, the 
F^ President of the Association. Professor Spencer was pleased 
and surprised at the extent and high character of the exhibition. 
He gave some valuable hints and advice to those entering on 
natural history study, and especially advised them to con- 
centrate their attetion on one particular branch of study at a 
time, rather than attempt to study a multitude of subjects at 
at once. Good programmes were arranged for each evening, 
and numerous instrumental and vocal solos and selections by the 
orchestra, under Mr. Mulder's direction were contributed. The 
phonograph, the large astronomical telescopes, and the micros- 
copes afforded pleasure to many. 
On the first evening Professor Spencer gave an exceedingly 
interesting lecturette on “How different animals see," and 
illustrated his remarks by numerous limelight diagrams. 
In every way the Hxhibition was a pleasing success, and 
indicated the progress the Club has made durirg the year, and 
it should encourage members to continue the good work they 
have begun. 
