REPORT ON MEDICAL EDUCATION, &C. 
63 
of the witnesses whose evidence we shall presently examine, 
to exhibit as being perfect in both. 
This act (55 Geo. III. cap. cxciv.) confirmed the whole of 
the charter of James, except in so far as it repealed that portion 
which directs the master, wardens, &c. to examine the shops 
of apothecaries, examine medicine, and impose penalties, and 
substituted for it a power to enter the shops of every apothe- 
cary in England and Wales, at any tiixie during the day, to 
test the various drugs or medicinal substances found therein, 
to destroy such as they should find to be " false, unlawful, 
deceitful, stale, unwholesome, corrupt, pernicious, or hurtful," 
and to impose penalties upon offenders ; " for the first offence, 
the sum of five pounds; for the second offence, the sum of 
twenty pounds; and for the third, and every other ofTence, the 
sum of twenty pounds." Additional powers w^ere also grant- 
ed and duties imposed. Section fifth, which some of the 
members of the Apothecaries' Company make a boast of 
violating, enacts " That if any person using or exercising 
the art and mystery of an apothecary, shall at any time 
knowingly, wilfully, and contumaciously, refuse to make, 
mix, compound, prepare, give, supply, or administer, or any 
way to sell, set on sale, put forth, or put to sale, to any person, 
or persons whatever, any medicines, compound medicines, or 
medicinable compositions, as directed by any prescription, 
order, or receipt, signed with the initials in his own hand 
writing " of any physician licensed to practise physic by the 
Royal College of Physicians of London, or either of the Uni- 
versities of Oxford, or Cambridge, the offender, on complaint 
being made by the physician within twenty-one days, shall, 
unless he can show a justifiable reason, on conviction before 
any justice of peace, " forfeit his certificate, and be rendered 
incapable in future of using or exercising the art and mystery 
of an apothecary, and be liable to the penalty inflicted by this 
act, upon all who practise as such without a certifies, te, in the 
same manner as if such party so convicted, had never been 
furnished with a certificate, enabling him to practise as an 
apothecary ; and such ofTender.so deprivedof his certificate, shall 
