88 
MISCELLANY. 
CtVncd^er.— In order to prepare this ether, M. Malagutti has followed the 
process of Thenard. He assigns to it the following properties, it is liquid, 
of a density of 1.142 at 21*^, possesses an odour which is similar to that 
of olive oil, not volatile, decomposed by heat at 202°, is soluble in sul- 
phuric and hydrochloric acids, nitric acid decomposes it immediately. 
Analysis has demonstrated its composition to be 
Carbon 51.05 
Hydrogen 7.29 
Oxygen 41.66 
Hence the formula is Cs H^ 04 citric acid + Cs H8+OH2 ether. 
From this analysis the author concludes, that the formula of citric acid, 
upon which some doubts still remain, in consequence of certain anoma- 
lies which it presents in its combinations with the bases, is Cs H^ 
04, as Berzelius has pomted out. It is especially to clear up this point 
of theory that M. Malagutti has had in view, in the memoir which he has 
presented to the academy. Ibid. 
To obtain large heads on Boses In the Horticultural Register we find 
a method described to obtain large heads on standard Roses by marching 
in one season. 
So soon as the plants indicate the circulation of sap, I begin to take olF 
the head of the stock at the proposed height, bending so that the plant 
designed to form a head is brought close to the top of the stock. I pare 
from the stem two or three inches of the bark, with a portion of the wood, 
at the most convenient part for forming the junction, after which the stock 
is neatly made to correspond, and in such a manner that the part where 
the union is intended to take place is very little increased in size. 
Tonguing should be avoided, since it offers no advantage and often serves 
to weaken the union. They should be bound together with tape or good 
matting, and covered with a little moss which should be kept damp. 
Should the stock be very tall, or weary, the union of the parts would be 
strengthened and accelerated by making a small slit in the stock, and 
causing it to dip into the ground, or in a pot of earth placed for the pur- 
pose. The slit will heal, and throw out roots, which will support the 
head considerably ; and after the head and stock are united, they will be 
pared oif without the place being seen or the least injury being done. 
Jamaica Physical Journal. 
