AFe'broa^>f^M)8m,}     Microscopic  Examination  of  Vegetable  Drugs.  83 
Set  Surdjmeffer  ber  gro^ten  ©mgelforner  ber  ©tatfe  foil 
0,012  mm  ntdfjt  uberfdjretten. 
About  the  time  that  the  eighth  revision  of  the  U.  S.  Pharma- 
copoeia appeared  the  Netherlands  Pharmacopoeia  was  issued.  In 
this  work,  as  in  the  German  Pharmacopoeia,  about  an  equal  amount 
of  space  is  given  to  vegetable  drugs  and  chemicals.  The  descriptions 
in  the  Netherlands  Pharmacopoeia  are,  however,  much  more  com- 
plete and  extended,  a  page  or  more  frequently  being  given  to  the 
description  of  vegetable  drugs,  one-half  of  which  pertains  to  the 
microscopic  characters  of  the  powders. 
For  the  sake  of  comparison,  as  well  as  to  get  an  idea  of  the  char- 
acter of  the  work,  the  description  of  ipecac  may  be  selected  as  an 
example : 
Radix  Ipecacuanhae  . 
Radices  adventiciae  tumefactae  quas  praebet  Psychotria  Ipecacu- 
anha, Stokes,  Bot.  Mat.  Med.  I.  365  (Uragoga  Ipecacuanha, 
Baill.    Hist.  PI.  VII.  281). 
Decimetra  ad  1,5  longa,  sed  plerumque  fracta  in  frusta  centimetra 
non  plus  quam  5  ad  7  longa,  millimetra  ad  5,5  crassa,  dura,  fragilia, 
cylindrica  vel  subconica,  semper  plus  minusve  enormiter  flexa,  raro 
paulum  ramosa,  tumoribus  densis,  orbicularibus,  fere  millimetrum 
I  latis,  qui  plerumque  radicem  non  plane  circumdant,  at  loca  non 
tumefacta  in  singulis  tumoribus  in  diversas  partes  versa  sunt,  ita  ut 
tota  radix  satis  constanter  cylindrica  sit ;  iis  tumoribus  multis  locis 
rimae  interiectae  sunt  undique  usque  ad  lignum  pergentes.  Super- 
ficies tenuiter  transverse  rugosa,  non  nitide,  obscure  griseofusca, 
nonnunquam  magis  rubrofusca.  Corticis  fractura  transversa  clare 
griseofusca,  levis,  non  nitida,  cornea,  nonnunquam  farinulenta ; 
fractura  ligni  alba.  Lignum  millimetra  ad  2  crassum,  transverse 
persectum  quodammodo  angulosum ;  hie  illic  cortex  facile  a  ligno 
avellitur. 
Ad  usum  cortex  ligno  liberetur. 
Microscopia  pulveris.  Amylum,  plurimum  grana  soluta,  sed  etiam 
in  cellulis  parenchymaticis  leptotichis,  coloris  expertibus ;  granorum 
multa  simplicia,  diametro  non  plus  quam  12  \x,  fere  globosa,  nucleo 
et  stratis  parum  conspicuis ;  at  plura  composita,  pleraque  diadelpha 
vel  triadelpha  vel  tetradelpha  sed  interdum  ad  dodecadelpha,  parti- 
