^TOruMyTiw™'}    Microscopic  Examination  of  Vegetable  Drugs.  85 
Cylindrical ,   somewhat  tortuous;    5  to  15 
cm.    long,  1  to  5  mm.   in  diameter. 
Externally  dark  brown,  irregularly 
annulate,  sometimes  transversely  fissured; 
occasional  rootlets  or  rootlet  scars. 
Internally,  bark  light  brown,  0-5  to  1  mm. 
thick,  easily  separated  from  the  dark 
yellow,  non-porous  wood;    fracture  of  bark 
brittle,  of  the  wood  tough;   odor  slight; 
taste  bitter,  acrid. 
Stems  usually  more  slender,   5  to  10  cm. 
long,   1  to  1-5  mm.    in  diameter;  nearly 
smooth  or  longitudinally  wrinkled,  bark 
0*1  mm.   thick,   with  bast  fibers  either 
single  or  in  groups;   pith  distinct,  0-5 
mm.    in  diameter. 
Carthagena  Ipecac.     Uniformly  thicker 
roots,    4  to  7  mm.    in  diameter, 
annulations  less  pronounced. 
Powder.     Dark  yellow;   tracheids  with 
simple,   oblique  or  bordered  pores, 
sometimes  containing  starch;  calcium 
oxalate  in  raphides  20  to  40  p  long; 
starch  grains  elliptical,  4  to  14  fi  in 
diameter;   single  or  2-  to  4-compound.  In 
Carthagena  ipecac  the  starch  grains  are 
uniformly  larger,   4  to  15  fi  in  diameter. 
The  crude  drug  descriptions  embraced  from  four  to  nine  lines, 
and  the  descriptions  of  the  powders  were  two  to  three  lines  long. 
In  some  cases,  as  where  the  entire  tops  of  the  herb  drugs  are  used, 
the  descriptions  were  longer.  The  report  having  been  submitted 
to  an  officer  of  the  Convention,  he  prepared  an  extended  criticism 
in  which  he  objected  to  the  introduction  of  scientific  terms  in  the 
descriptions  of  crude  drugs  and  to  the  introduction  of  descriptions 
of  powdered  drugs. 
