AmApriir,'wo8arm'}    American  Pharmaceutical  Association.  191 
views,  from  a  practical  standpoint,  of  the  American  Extract  Manu- 
facturers' Association. 
Mr.  Claus  called  attention  to  the  conflicting  rulings  that  have 
been  made  by  the  Department  of  Internal  Revenue  and  the  Bureau 
of  Chemistry,  and  pointed  out  that  a  manufacturer  was  held  liable 
for  tax  or  fine  by  the  Internal  Revenue  Department  for  using  an 
excessive  amount  of  alcohol  in  his  preparations,  or  for  adulteration  by 
the  Bureau  of  Chemistry  if  the  amount  of  alcohol  used  did  not 
come  up  to  the  established  ideas  or  standards. 
Referring  more  specifically  to  extract  of  vanilla,  he  asserted  that 
the  Mexican  varieties  were  not  uniformly  superior  to  other  beans, 
and  that  manufacturers  of  the  better  grades  of  flavoring  extracts 
usually  preferred  the  Bourbon  varieties  of  vanilla  as  being  more 
uniformly  satisfactory. 
He  further  called  attention  to  the  fact  that  manufacturers  of 
flavoring  extracts  had  found  it  to  be  impracticable  to  handle  all 
varieties  or  lots  of  vanilla  in  the  same  manner  or  to  extract  them 
with  the  same  menstruum.  He  believed  that,  other  things  being 
equal,  the  less  alcohol  a  flavoring  extract  contained,  the  more  satis- 
factory it  would  be  for  the  purpose  for  which  it  was  intended  ;  and 
for  this  one  reason  alone,  if  for  no  other,  the  U.S.P.  formula  for  extract 
of  vanilla  was  to  be  condemned. 
For  extract  of  lemon  he  believed  that  the  U.S.P.  requirements 
were  entirely  too  high,  both  as  to  alcohol  as  well  as  oil  content. 
He  asserted  that  a  weaker  preparation  would  prove  to  be  much 
more  satisfactory  as  a  flavor. 
In  speaking  of  the  use  of  terpeneless  oils,  he  expressed  the  belief 
that  the  use  of  terpeneless  extracts  was  sure  to  grow  in  favor, 
though  the  so-called  terpeneless  oils  of  lemon  and  orange  now  on 
the  market  do  not  appeal  to  the  well-informed  extract  manufacturer, 
who  generally  prefers  to  make  his  own  terpeneless  oils. 
Mr.  Claus  pointed  out  that  the  so-called  minor  extracts  are  of 
little  or  no  importance,  as  the  bulk  of  the  extract  business  is  with 
vanilla,  lemon  and  orange.  In  discussing  standards,  he  suggested 
that  the  official  standards  should  be  minimum  standards  based  on 
the  flavoring  units  contained  in  the  finished  preparation.  As  a 
satisfactory  formula  for  vanilla  he  suggested  10  ounces  of  vanilla  to 
a  gallon  of  extract,  representing  from  30  to  40  per  cent,  of  alcohol. 
The  next  speaker,  Prof.  I.  V.  S.  Stanislaus,  presented  a  communi- 
