194  American  Pharmaceutical  Association,  {AmAprUii."iXrm' 
believes  that  the  drug  store  is  not  the  place  to  make  and  sell  flavor- 
ing extracts,  particularly  as  the  men  who  conduct  drug  stores  are 
very  much  like  other  men.  So  far  as  standards  are  concerned,  Dr. 
Horn  believes  that,  for  vanilla,  people  desire  the  flavor  of  vanillin, 
but,  not  knowing  the  facts  in  the  case,  many  people  would  no  doubt 
object  to  buying  it  in  any  form  but  that  usually  known  as  extract 
of  vanilla. 
Dr.  McCormick  related  an  experience  that  led  him  to  believe  that 
a  vanillin  mixture  would  be  uniformly  more  satisfactory  than  a 
corresponding  extract  made  from  vanilla  beans.  He  also  expressed 
the  belief  that  all  of  the  more  reputable  manufacturers  of  extracts 
would  gladly  welcome  the  establishment  of  standards,  if  equitable 
standards  were  practicable. 
Mr.  Brinton  suggested  that  extract  manufacturers  should  them- 
selves be  in  position  to  suggest  reliable  standards  in  that  they  should 
have  at  hand  considerable  reliable  data  bearing  on  the  several  prop- 
erties of  the  various  varieties  of  vanilla  beans  and  the  extractive 
that  is  contained  in  them.  If  this  data  is  not  available,  it  would 
offer  an  excellent  opportunity  for  research  work  on  the  part  of  some 
one  manufacturer. 
Mr.  Brooks  related  his  experience  as  State  chemist  in  New  Jersey. 
He  pointed  out  that  agents  invariably  look  for  articles  that  are 
likely  to  be  wrong,  so  that  the  number  of  spurious  or  adulterated 
articles  reported  should  not  be  taken  as  a  criterion  of  the  average 
condition  of  affairs.  He  has  met  with  vanilla,  lemon,  ginger  and 
even  paregoric  made  with  wood  alcohol.  He  pointed  out  that  flavor- 
ing extracts,  as  sold  at  the  present  time  in  the  city  of  New  York, 
were  far  from  being  above  reproof. 
In  a  recent  examination  that  he  made  for  Good  Housekeeping,  he 
found  that  but  seven  out  of  twenty-nine  samples  of  extract  of  lemon 
were  true  to  label ;  sixteen  of  the  twenty-two  below  standard  were 
absolutely  false,  and  two  of  them  contained  wood  alcohol ;  four  of 
the  seven  pure  brands  contained  8  per  cent,  or  more  of  oil  of  lemon, 
showing  that  a  standard  higher  than  that  of  the  U.S.P.  could  be 
maintained. 
Eight  of  sixteen  samples  of  vanilla  extract  were  found  to  be 
pure.  Of  the  remaining  eight,  two  contained  coumarin,  six  con- 
tained excessive  amounts  of  vanillin,  and  two  contained  wood 
alcohol. 
