208 
Bismuth  Subgallate. 
Am.  .lour.  Pharm. 
May,  1908. 
suspicion.  The  results  we  have  obtained  show  that  the  minimum 
amount  of  linalyl  acetate  in  a  pure  oil  may  be  fixed  at  about  32  per 
cent.  The  acid  value  should  always  be  determined  and  allowed  for, 
as  in  most  cases  the  amount  of  free  acid  will  affect  the  ester 
determination. 
Distilled  bergamot  oil,  lemon  oil,  orange  oil,  citrene  and  turpen- 
tine, all  lower  the  ester  content. 
Adulterations. — The  principal  adulterants  are  distilled  bergamot 
oil,  lemon  oil,  orange  oil,  citrene,  turpentine  and  alcohol.  These  all 
cause  a  decrease  in  density,  and  in  the  case  of  lemon  oil,  orange  oil 
and  citrene  an  increase  in  rotation,  while  all  cause  a  decrease  in 
ester.  Fatty  oils  are  sometimes  used  as  adulterants,  and  can  be 
detected  by  the  increased  amount  of  residue.  Occasionally  esters 
other  than  linalyl  acetate  may  be  used,  and  sometimes  free  acid, 
which  will  be  detected  by  the  increased  acid  value. 
The  constants  for  bergamot  oil  are  as  follows : 
Specific  gravity  at  150  C  '88 1  to  -886 
Rotation,  100  m.m  +8°  to  +240 
Solubility  value  220  to  290 
Residue   .  4^3  to  6*4  per  cent. 
Acid  value   1*4  to  4*2 
Linalyl  acetate  32  percent,  and  upwards. 
From  the  Laboratories  of 
Parke,  Davis  &  Co. 
BISMUTH  SUBGALLATE  AND  BISMUTH 
SUBSALICYLATE. 
By  Otto  B.  May,  Ph.D. 
At  the  time  of  the  Pharmacopceial  revision,  there  was  consider- 
able variation  in  the  quality  of  these  two  commercial  salts,  more 
especially  in  their  bismuth  (Bi2Os)  content  and  percentage  of  un- 
combined  organic  acids.  In  the  rubric  and  tests,  as  much  latitude 
was  permitted  as  possible,  consistent  with  desirable  purity.  Since 
our  manufacturers  have  had  abundant  opportunity  and  time  to  re- 
place old  stock  with  new,  an  examination  of  our  supplies  was  deemed 
advisable.    In  the  tables  appended,  only  the  more  important  phar- 
