AmMay*'i9oh8?rm'}     Standard  for  Flavoring  Extracts.  231 
Now,  what  are  the  natural  flavors,  let  us  ask  ?  These  may  be 
divided  into  (a)  those  prepared  directly  from  the  fruits  or  odorous 
and  sapid  principles  of  aromatic  plants  or  plant-parts  ;  (b)  those 
made  by  dissolving  the  essential  oils  of  the  plants  in  alcohol. 
To  the  first  class  belong  the  extracts  of  raspberry,  strawberry, 
pineapple,  banana,  etc.  These  are  all  made  about  as  follows  (tak- 
ing strawberry  extract  as  an  example) :  Four  and  a  half  pounds  of 
wild  strawberries  are  bruised  and  covered  with  three  quarts  of  90 
per  cent,  alcohol,  macerated  for  about  a  month  and  filtered.  The 
yield  will  be  about  one  gallon  of  strawberry  extract.  But  this 
strawberry  essence  is  made  from  the  fruit  which  is  in  season  but 
two  months  of  the  year,  and  when  the  crops  are  small,  the  price 
will,  and  of  necessity  must  be,  higher,  and  the  method  of  produc- 
tion slow  and  expensive. 
To  the  second  class  belong  the  official  spirits  and  tinctures  like 
cinnamon,  wintergreen,  anise,  peppermint,  ginger,  vanilla,  etc. 
These  are  made  by  simple  solution  of  the  oil  in  alcohol,  as,  for 
example,  the  10  per  cent,  spirit  of  cinnamon,  or  by  maceration  and 
percolation,  as  the  10  per  cent,  tincture  of  vanilla,  or  the  50  per 
cent,  tinctures  of  lemon  and  orange  peel  made  by  maceration,  or 
yet  the  10  per  cent,  spirit  of  peppermint  made  by  solution  and 
maceration. 
Now,  it  is  self-apparent  that  all  these  preparations  come  within  the 
province  of  the  pharmacist.  It  is  for  us  to  protect  our  rights;  it 
is  for  us  to  stand  by  the  standard  and  to  require  all  other  corre- 
sponding preparations  to  respond  to  the  tests  and  requirements 
laid  down  in  our  national  standard,  which  is  the  United  States 
Pharmacopoeia. 
And  this  is  not  the  only  phase  of  the  question.  There  is  another. 
Any  of  the  so-called  spices,  like  cinnamon,  cayenne  pepper,  cara- 
way and  allspice  are  drugs,  the  doses  of  which  lie  between  one  and 
fifteen  grains.  Spirits  like  those  of  bitter  almond,  cinnamon,  win- 
tergreen and  peppermint  are  all  directed  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  in 
doses  less  than  60  minims.  It  should  be  remembered  that  in  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania  drugs  whose  doses  are  less  than  60  grains  are 
considered  poisons.  Now,  gentlemen,  properly  speaking  these 
come  within  the  province  of  the  qualified  pharmacist  (whose  quali- 
fication was  attested  by  registration  before  the  State  Pharmaceutical 
Board).    It  is,  therefore,  in  my  opinion,  illegal  to  expose  these  arti- 
