420  Early  Botanical  and  Herb  Gardens.    { \™piOmber,hi908?' 
where  he  at  first  practiced  his  profession,  but  subsequently  occupied 
sundry  public  offices.  He  was  appointed  Lieutenant-Governor  of 
New  York  in  1761,  and  continued  in  this  capacity  to  the  time  of 
his  death,  September  28,  1776,  in  the  sixty-ninth  year  of  his  age. 
For  many  years  Dr.  Golden  took  an  active  interest  in  botany  and 
appears  to  have  devoted  considerable  time  to  the  gathering  and  the 
cultivation  of  American  plants.  He  had  an  extensive  correspond- 
ence with  a  number  of  the  leading  botanists  of  Europe  as  well  as 
America.  He  had  a  magnificent  country  seat  at  Coldenham  on  the 
Hudson,  where  many  of  his  botanical  experiments  and  observations 
were  made.  In  his  botanical  studies  he  was  ably  assisted  by  his 
daughter,  Jane  Golden,  who  was  also  greatly  interested  in  botany 
and  was  probably  one  of  the  first  women  in  this  country  to  take  an 
active  interest  in  the  study  of  plants. 
One  other  woman  of  the  Colonial  period,  who  deserves  recogni- 
tion for  the  work  that  she  did  in  connection  with  botany,  was  Martha 
Logan,  an  early  correspondent  and  friend  of  John  Bartram.  She 
was  a  daughter  of  Robert  Daniel,  of  South  Carolina,  and  married 
George  Logan,  in  her  fifteenth  year.  She  died  in  1779,  m  ner 
seventy-seventh  year. 
Gotthilf  Heinrich  Ernst  Muhlenberg,  a  son  of  Pastor  Heinrich 
Melchior  Muhlenberg,  and  a  brother  of  the  fighting  pastor,  General 
Peter  Muhlenberg,  was  born  in  New  Providence,  Montgomery 
County,  Pa.,  November  17,  1753,  and  died  in  Lancaster,  Pa.,  on  May 
23,  1815. 
Muhlenberg  studied  at  Halle,  and  was  one  of  the  best  informed 
and  most  systematic  botanists  of  his  day.  He  had  a  widespread 
correspondence  with  other  botanists,  particularly  in  Germany. 
At  an  early  date  Muhlenberg  devoted  much  of  his  spare  time  to 
the  study  of  the  medicinal  properties  of  indigenous  medicinal  plants. 
It  is  said  that  he  furnished  Dr.  Shopf  with  numerous  notes  on  the 
medicinal  properties  of  American  plants,  which  the  latter  used  in  his 
work  on  the  American  Materia  Medica,  but  omitted  to  mention  his 
source  of  information. 
Muhlenberg  appears  to  have  had  quite  an  extensive  botanical 
library,  and  also  a  garden,  for  in  a  letter  to  his  friend  William  Bar- 
tram  he  says:  "May  I  ever  expect  to  see  you  at  my  house?  I 
have  Edwards  and  Catesby,  Jacquin,  Gaertner  deFructibus,  and 
several  other  valuable  works;  likewise   Wangenheim  on  the  forest 
