422  Early  Botanical  and  Herb  Gardens.  {As™ptJembe?.bi9o^* 
dents  of  Travel"  (Bayreuth,  1788)  says  that  he  met  the  Rev.  John 
Andrew  Hiibner  on  his  visit  to  Bethlehem,  after  the  Revolutionary 
War.  He  also  met  Dr.  Otto,  who,  he  says,  attended  the  community 
in  the  threefold  capacity  of  physician,  surgeon  and  apothecary. 
To  Dr.  Otto,  Schopf  was  indebted  for  a  variety  of  information  con- 
cerning the  medicinal  uses  of  indigenous  drugs.  This  information 
was  probably  collected  by  Otto  from  the  various  Moravian  mission- 
aries, who,  as  is  well  known,  had  an  extensive  and  intimate  knowl- 
edge of  the  habits  and  practices  of  the  early  aborigines. 
The  herb  garden  at  Bethlehem  was,  for  a  number  of  years,  in  the 
direct  care  of  Dr.  Otto.  He  was  succeeded,  in  1790,  by  Dr.  E.  Frey- 
tag,  who  continued  in  charge  until  1836,  when  he  was  succeeded  by 
Mr.  Simon  Rau,  who  later  purchased  the  apothecary  business  from 
the  Moravian  Church,  and  conducted  it  as  a  private  venture.  Exactly 
when  the  herb  garden  was  discontinued  could  not  be  ascertained, 
but  it  is  quite  probable  that  it  was  coincident  with  the  transfer  of  the 
apothecary  shop  to  private  interests. 
Andre  Michaux,  a  noted  French  botanist,  arrived  in  New  York  in 
October,  1785,  his  object  being  to  collect  indigenous  plants  and  seeds 
for  the  several  botanical  gardens  in  France. 
He  is  said  to  have  established  a  botanical  garden  in  Bergen  County, 
N.  J.,  some  seven  or  eight  miles  from  New  York,  for  the  purpose 
of  more  closely  studying  the  several  American  plants  and  also  to 
serve  as  a  nursery  from  which  to  supply  botanical  specimens, 
seeds  and  a  variety  of  botanical  information  to  larger  gardens  in 
France.  Michaux  traveled  quite  extensively  and  is  said  to  have 
covered  the  entire  territory  from  Hudson's  Bay,  in  British  North 
America,  to  the  Indian  River,  in  Florida,  and  from  the  Bahama  Isl- 
ands to  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi  River.  From  his  original  gar- 
den, near  New  York,  he  made  short  trips  into  New  Jersey,  Pennsyl- 
vania and  Maryland,  and  as  a  direct  result  of  these  trips  sent  to 
France  twelve  boxes  of  seeds  and  five  thousand  seedling  trees. 
Michaux  visited  South  Carolina  about  1 787,  and  found  that  Charles- 
ton would  likely  prove  to  be  a  more  suitable  place  for  his  nurseries. 
He  subsequently  established  quite  an  extensive  garden  in  or  near 
that  city,  making  it  his  headquarters  for  the  remainder  of  his  stay 
in  this  country.  Darlington,  in  his  memoirs  of  John  Bartram,  refers 
to  a  botanic  garden  existing  in  Charleston  about  1807,  and  it  is  not 
