Am.  Jour.  Pharni. ) 
October,  1908.  J' 
Belladonna  and  Scopolia. 
4^3 
The  tracheae  are  strongly  lignified,  and  are  of  two  kinds, — those 
with  simple  pores  and  those  with  bordered  pores.  The  tracheae 
with  the  simple  pores  are  the  ones  that  have  been  most  frequently 
described.  The  pores  are  slit-like  and  are  from  10  to  17  /x  long, 
being  usually  transverse.  The  tracheae  with  bordered  pores  (Fig. 
1,  B)  have  not  been  heretofore  described.  They  vary  from  50  to 
90  ^  in  width.  In  radial-longitudinal  section  the  bordered  pores 
are  elliptical  or  circular  in  outline,  and  vary  from  5  to  8.5  fx  in 
diameter.  The  pore  itself  is  narrow,  bi-convex,  and  transverse  to 
the  long  diameter  of  the  border.  With  phloroglucin  and  hydro- 
chloric acid,  or  chloral  solution  the  wall  swells  to  such  an  extent 
as  to  obscure  the  border.  The  wood  fibers  are  lignified  and  have 
simple  oblique  pores,  but  pass  into  tracheicls  having  bordered  pores. 
The  cork  cells  are  similar  to  those  usually  found  in  plants,  the 
younger  ones  being  sometimes  somewhat  lignified. 
Scopolia  Rhizome  and  Roots. — Practically  the  same  tissues  are 
present  in  scopolia  rhizome  and  roots  as  are  found  in  belladonna 
root  except  wood  and  bast  fibers.  The  starch  grains  are  mostly 
spherical  and  on  an  average  smaller  than  those  in  belladonna  root, 
being  from  3  to  13  fx  in  diameter.  Cryptocrystalline  crystals  of 
calcium  oxalate  are  present  and  resemble  those  found  in  belladonna 
root,  but  are  more  elongated  or  pyramid-like,  and  occasionally  form 
aggregates,  which  latter  are  about  15  /x  in  diameter.  The  tracheae 
vary  from  25  to  100  /x  in  diameter,  and  are  especially  characterized 
by  having  reticulate  markings.  Tracheae  having  simple,  slit-like 
pores  from  10  to  40  fx  long,  are  also  present.  Both  kinds  of 
tracheae  are  lignified. 
Belladonna  Herb. — This  drug  has  three  principal  distinguishing 
characteristics:  (a)  The  calyx  lobes  are  rather  long  and  spreading, 
exposing  the  berry ;  (b)  the  hairs  on  the  leaves,  while  not  numerous, 
are  of  relatively  frequent  occurrence  (Fig.  2,  c,  D)  ;  (e)  some  of 
the  tracheae  have  bordered  pores  (Fig.  2,  F).  In  addition  to  the 
small  cryptocrystalline  crystals  of  calcium  oxalate  abundant  in  some 
of  the  cells,  there  are  present  in  some  of  the  cells  of  the  petiole 
and  stem  polygonal  crystals  (Fig.  2)  which  are  anisotropic  and 
vary  from  6  to  15  \x  in  diameter,  and  in  still  other  cells  narrow 
prisms  which  are  in  spherite  aggregates  resembling  those  of  some  of 
the  carbohydrates.  Besides  the  tracheae  with  bordered  pores  there 
also  occur  in  the  stem  tracheae  with  annular,  spiral  and  reticulate 
markings,  and  wood  fibers  and  bast  fibers.    The  elements  of  the 
