464 
Belladonna  and  Scopolia. 
( Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
\     October,  1908. 
fibrovascular  bundles  are  more  or  less  lignified.  The  bast  fibers 
are  nearly  a  millimeter  long ;  the  ends  are  pointed ;  and  the  walls 
on  one  side  are  usually  undulate  and  about  6  /x  thick. 
Scopolia  Herb. — The  calyx  lobes  are  relatively  short,  and  the 
capsular  fruit  (pyxis)  is  almost  completely  enclosed  by  the  calyx 
tube  (Fig.  3,  A).  A  very  few  glandular  hairs  with  a  1-  or  2-celled 
stalk  and  2-  to  6-celled  head  may  with  difficulty  be  found  (Fig.  3, 
H).  In  addition  to  tracheae  with  annular  and  spiral  markings, 
and  simple  pores  there  are  in  the  stem  tracheae  with  reticulate 
markings,  but  those  with  bordered  pores  do  not  occur.  The  crystals 
of  calcium  oxalate  are  of  the  cryptocrystalline  character  of  those 
found  in  belladonna.  In  glycerin  preparations  spherite  aggregates 
resembling  those  of  carbohydrates  are  present,  especially  in  the 
calyx.  Acicular  crystals  sometimes  separate  in  chloral  prepara- 
tions, but  as  they  are  isotropic  they  are  not  those  of  calcium  oxalate. 
The  epidermis  of  the  leaves,  particularly  that  of  the  under  surface, 
is  very  irregular,  giving  a  tuberculate  appearance  on  transverse 
section  (Fig.  3,  C),  and  in  surface  view  frequently  has  the  appear- 
ance of  folds  (Fig.  3,  E) .  As  in  the  rhizome,  bast  fibers  and  wood 
fibers  are  apparently  not  present.  There  is  however  a  strongly 
developed  layer  of  collenchymatous  cells  in  the  stem,  the  thickenings 
being  more  uniform  and  more  marked  than  those  in  the  collenchy- 
matous cells  of  belladonna. 
Literature  Cited. 
1 R  .v.  Wettstein :    Engler  and  Prantl's  Pflanzenfamilien. 
2  Tschirch    and    Oesterle's    Anatomischer    Atlas ;    Vogl's    Pharmakognosie ; 
Moeller's  Pharmakognostischer  Atlas ;  Kraemer's  Botany  and  Pharma- 
cognosy (3rd  edition). 
3  E.   M.    Holmes:    Pharmaceutical   Journal   and    Transactions.    20  (1889). 
p.  468. 
4  John  M.  Maisch  :  American  Journal  of  Pharmacy,  62  (1890),  p.  107. 
0  Joseph  Nevinny  :  P  har  mac  cutis  chc  Post,  17  (1894),  p.  333. 
G  Thomas  Greenish:    Pharmaceutical  Journal  and  Transactions,  20  (1889), 
p.  471. 
7  Citation  by  Maisch  from  Moeller's  Pharmakognosie,  loc.  cit. 
