476  American  Pharmaceutical  Association.  -rA7;  fS^™' 
•V  October,  1908. 
cent,  of  the  distillate  determined.  The  rotation  should  be  not  at 
all  or  only  slightly  lower  than  that  of  the  original  oil.  Ogston  & 
Moore  (Chem.  and  Drug.,  60  (1902),  p.  155)  state  that  the  distillate 
from  pure  oil  has  a  rotation  of  at  least  i°  above  that  of  the  original 
oil ;  if  the  increase  in  rotation  be  less,  or  below  that  of  the  original 
oilj  there  must  be  a  strong  suspicion  that  the  oil  has  been  adulterated 
with  lemon  oil  or  terpenes  of  lemon  oil. 
Adulterants. — The  common  adulterants  of  orange  oil  are  :  turpen- 
tine, lemon  oil,  terpenes  of  lemon  and  orange  oils  and  alcohol.  All 
lower  the  rotation  except  orange  oil  terpenes.  Alcohol  may  be 
detected  by  shaking  a  known  volume  of  the  sample  with  water,  the 
alcohol  is  removed  by  the  water  which  of  course  is  increased  in 
volume.  Resin  has  been  used  as  an  adulterant  and  may  be  detected 
by  a  residue  determination.  The  residue  on  evaporation  of  pure  oil 
is  from  2  to  4  per  cent. 
The  U.  S.  P.  gives  a  test  for  turpentine  by  the  formation  of 
pinene  nitrosochloride.  but  the  observation  of  the  rotation  of  the 
original  oil  and  that  of  the  first  fraction  of  10  per  cent,  obtained 
on  distillation  is  quite  sufficient  for  the  detection  of  turpentir.e. 
The  constants  for  pure  sweet  orange  oil  are  as  follows  : 
Specific  gravity,  15 0  C  848  to  .853 
Rotation  (200  C.)    +950  to  +980 
Rotation  of  first  10  per  cent,  of  distillate  should  not  be  lower  than 
that  of  the  original  oil. 
Analytical  Department, 
Parke  Davis  &  Co. 
AMERICAN  PHARMACEUTICAL  ASSOCIATION. 
FIFTY-SIXTH  ANNUAL  MEETING. 
The  fifty-sixth  annual  meeting  of  the  American  Pharmaceutical 
Association,  held  at  Hot  Springs,  Arkansas,  September  7— 12,  was 
one  of  the  most  important  and  successful  in  the  history  of  the  Asso- 
ciation. The  week  was  almost  entirely  devoted  by  those  in  attend- 
ance to  sincere  and  earnest  work  tending  to  the  development  of 
the  science  and  art  of  pharmacy  and  the  upbuilding  and  realization 
of  a  greater  American  Pharmaceutical  Association.    From  the  open- 
