THE    PARIS  EXPOSITION. 
11 
of  Menier  &  Co.,  of  Paris,  have  merged  their  extensive  drug  business  into 
that  of  the  Pharmacie  Central. 
Returning  to  our  subject,  we  may  allude  to  the  assayed  opium  prepara- 
tions, that  are  made  with  opium  containing  exactly  ten  per  cent,  of  mor- 
phia, prepared  by.  mixing  different  assayed  opiums  so  as  to  make  the 
mixture  average  ten  per  cent.,  exhibited  by  M.  Adriani ;  and  the  pre- 
parations of  calabar  bean,  physostigmin,  or  eserin,  as  he  calls  it,  and 
various  magnesian  preparations,  by  M.  Amidee  Yee,  President  of  the 
Societe  de  Prevoyance  des  Pharmaciens,"  of  Paris.  This  gentleman 
took  a  prominent  part  on  the  liberal  side  in  the  Congress  of  Pharma- 
ceutists, and  is  a  fluent  and  dignified  speaker,  reminding,  us  in  many  re- 
spects, of  Prof.  F.  Gurney  Smith,  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
Among  the  least  prominent,  but  more  important,  objects  was  the  ap- 
paratus and  products  of  M.  E.  Deiss,  of  63  Rue  de  Bretagne,  Paris,  con- 
sisting of  bisulphuret  of  carbon  and  fats  extracted  by  it.  M.  Deiss  intro- 
duced the  manufacture  of  sulphuret  of  carbon  on  a  large  scale,  so  as  to 
use  it  as  a  solvent.  The  price  formerly  was  six  dollars  a  pound,  which, 
through  his  process,  was  reduced  to  three  cents  per  pound  in  1867. 
Large  quantities  of  oils  and  fats  formerly  lost  are  now  rendered  availa- 
ble from  oil  cake,  and  olive  lees,  the  great  volatility  of  the  solvent  render- 
ing its  recovery  easy  and  leaving  the  albuminous  residues  useful  for  cat- 
tle food.  At  Marseilles,  at  the  Carthusian  friary,  an  immense  extracting 
tank  is  in  use,  where,  in  36  hours,  about  1,000  bushels  of  the  dregs,  left 
by  the  olive  oil  presses,  are  treated  with  45  tons  of  sulphuret  of  carbon, 
by  percolation,  which  penetrates  the  whole  mass,  dissolving  out  the  oil, 
and  collects  in  the  vessel  below.  The  sulphuret  retained  in  the  dregs  is 
then  driven  down  by  steam,  after  which  the  receptacle  containing  the 
solution  of  oil  in  the  bisulphuret  of  carbon  is  connected  with  a  condenser 
and,  on  applying  steam,  the  sulphuret  is  regained,  with  a  loss  of  only 
three  or  four  per  cent.,  leaving  a  residue  of  from  thirty  to  thirty-five  tuns 
of  oil,  fit  for  soap  making,  lubrication  and  other  purposes.  {Chem.  News, 
vol.  XV,  p.  256.) 
There  were  several  samples  of  iron  reduced  by  galvanic  action  in  the 
Exhibition.  M.  Collas,  of  Parts,  noted  for  his  development  of  the  benzole 
manufacture  from  coal  tar,  exhibited  one  of  these  obtained  from  the  chloride 
in  solution  by  one  Bunsen  pile.  It  was  nearly  black  and  so  easily  oxidiza- 
ble  that  he  put  it  in  gelatin  capsules.  The  other  specimen  was  by  M. 
Rousseau,  of  Pares,  which  had  the  grey  tint  of  good  iron  by  hydrogen,  and 
is  probably  purer  than  that  of  Collas.  Rousseau  is  a  large  manufacturer 
of  chemical  products  and  exhibited  much  that  is  interesting,  as  sodium, 
magnesium,  rubidium  and  thallium.  Much  of  the  success  in  metallurgic 
operations  with  some  of  the  newer  metals,  and  in  the  use  of  the  amalgam 
of  sodium  process  for  extracting  gold,  has  arisen  from  his  success  in  re- 
ducing the  price  of  sodium.  Pyrogallic  and  benzoic  acids  are  also  made  on 
a  great  scale  ;  of  the  latter,  hundreds  of  tons  are  produced  from  the  urine 
of  herbivorous  animals,  collected  around  Paris,  by  the  German  method, 
