110 
THE  PARIS  EXPOSITION. 
tharidiii  and  essential  oil  of  coffee  weve  also  noted.  This  firm  have 
the  reputation  of  doing  things  well,  and  their  collection  accords  with  that 
view. 
The  case  of  Mors'on  &  Son  embraces  several  opium  products,  physo- 
stigmin,  some  yellow  podophyllum  resin,  (probably  containing  berberina) 
the  brown  commercial  resin  and  samples  of  the  pancreatized  fat  of  Dr. 
Dobell,  and  of  saccharized  wheat  phosphates,  the  latter  a  preparation 
prepared  from  wheat,  containing  the  non-amylaceous  portions  more  par- 
ticularly. This  case  also  contained  a  small  specimen  labelled  methys- 
ticin.  from  Piper  methysticum,  of  the  Pacific  Islands,  claimed  to  have 
been  discovered  by  Mr.  Morson.  In  the  Journal  de  Pliarmacie,  for  Jan., 
1860,  M.  Gobley,  of  Paris,  claims  the  discovery  of  the  same  principle, 
(see  page  133,  vol.  xxxii,  of  Amer.  Jour.  Pharm.).  Whether  Mr.  Morson 
has  priority  we  do  not  know. 
The  case  of  Wnn  McFarlane,  of  Edinburg,  v/as  well  worth  examining, 
containing  chiefly  opium  products.  The  specimens  of  crystallized  codeia 
and  its  acetate  were  particularly  fine,  the  acetate  of  morphia  very  white, 
two  other  salts  of  codeia,  papaverina,  nareeia,  narcotina  and  its  deriva- 
tive cotarnia.  with  other  derivative  products  of  narcotina  by  Dr.  Mat- 
thiesson,  (since  noticed  by  Mr.  Brough,  in  the  proceedings  of  the  Confer- 
ence at  Norwich). 
The  carbolic  acid  industry  was  chiefly  represented  by  Manchester 
firms,  F.  0.  Calvert  &  Co.,  C.  Lowe  &  Co.,  and  Lewis  Demuth  &  Co. 
This  wonderful  substance,  which  every  year  seems  to  develope  into  wider 
and  wider  utility,  is  at  present  one  of  the  most  important  of  chemical 
products.  Until  quite  recently  pure  carbolic  acid  was  hardly  known, 
and  largely  through  the  influence  of  Mr.  F.  C.  Calvert  the  pure  acid 
has  become  almost  as  common  as  spermaceti.  The  practical  problem 
thus  solved,  so  far  as  it  applies  to  the  coal  tar  product,  has  involved  a 
long  period  of  trials  and  failures,  with  a  gradual  approach  to  success 
since  1848.  The  pure  carbolic  acid  in  long  distinct  crystals  was  exhibi- 
ted by  Calvert  &  Co.,  quite  free  from  cresylic  acid.  'I'hey  also  showed 
carbazotic  (picric)  acid,  derived  from  carbolic  acid  by  the  action  of  nitric 
acid,  now  much  used  in  silk  dyeing,  and  an  impure  form  of  the  same  acid 
called  aurine  paste. 
Messrs.  Lowe  &  Co.  exhibited  a  mass  of  crystallized  carbolic,  weighing 
near  two  hundred  pounds,  with  the  centre  hollow  and  studded  with  crys- 
tals, just  as  spermaceti  is  sometimes  seen,  and  so  pure  that  it  was  not 
discolored  or  liquified.  Picramic  acid  was  also  shown.  M.  Runge,  when 
he  discovered  carbolic  acid  in  1834,  little  thought  it  would  some  day 
become  so  important  to  humanity,  and  only  after  numerous  and  oft  re- 
peated experiments  has  its  history  been  worked  out  and  determined. 
Lewis  Demuth  &  Co.,  of  the  Springfield  Chemical  Works,  exhibited 
naphthalin,  benzole,  toluole,  carbolic,  cresylic  and  xylio  acids,  cumol, 
cymol  and  xylol. 
