450   APOMORPHIA,  A  NEW  BASE  DERIVED  FROM  MORPHIA. 
on  opening  the  tubes  after  cooling,  no  gas  is  found  to  have  been 
formed,  no  is  there  any  formation  of  chloride  of  methyl.  The 
residue  in  the  tube  contains  the  hydrochlorate  of  a  new  base, 
differing  considerably  in  its  properties  from  morphia.  It  may 
be  obtained  in  a  state  of  purity  by  dissolving  the  contents  of  the 
tube  in  water,  adding  excess  of  bicarbonate  of  sodium,  and  ex- 
tracting the  precipitate  with  ether  or  chloroform,  in  both  of 
which  the  new  base  is  readily  soluble,  whilst  morphia  is  almost 
insoluble  in  both  menstrua.  Oa  shaking  up  the  ethereal  or 
chloroform  solution  with  a  very  small  quantity  of  strong  hydro- 
chloric acid,  the  sides  of  the  vessel  become  covered  with  crystals 
of  the  hydrochlorate  of  the  new  base.  These  may  be  drained 
from  the  mother  liquors,  washed  with  a  little  cold  water,  in 
which  the  salt  is  sparingly  soluble,  and  re-crystallized  from  hot 
water  and  dried  on  bibulous  paper  or  over  sulphuric  acid. 
"  This  hydrochlorate  contains  no  water  of  crystallization. 
After  drying  in  the  water-bath  it  yielded  results  on  combustion 
with  chromate  of  lead  and  oxygen  agreeing  with  the  formula 
Ci^H.^NO^HCl. 
"  From  a  solution  of  the  hydrochlorate  in  water,  bicarbonate 
of  sodium  precipitates  a  snow-white  non-crystalline  mass,  which 
speedily  turns  green  on  the  surface  by  exposure  to  air,  and  is 
therefore  difficult  to  obtain  dry  in  a  state  of  purity.  This  pre- 
cipitate is  the  base  itself. 
"It  hence  appears  that  the  new  base  is  simply  formed  from 
morphia  by  the  abstraction  of  the  elements  of  water. 
Morphia.  New  base. 
C„H,,N03=H,0+C„H„N0,. 
u  propose  to  call  the  new  base  apomorphia,  for  reasons 
given  subsequently. 
*  When  the  hydrochlorate  of  apomorphia  in  a  moist  state  is 
exposed  to  the  air  for  some  time,  or  if  the  dry  salt  is  heated,  it 
turns  green,  probably  from  oxidation,  as  the  change  of  color  is 
accompanied  by  an  increase  of  weight.  The  base  itself,  newly 
precipitated,  is  white,  but  it  speedily  turns  green  on  exposure 
to  air.  The  green  mass  is  partly  soluble  in  water,  communi- 
cating to  it  a  fine  emerald  color, — in  alcohol  yielding  also  a 
