no  Physiological  Standardization.  {^iSch'im"11' 
dealing  with  a  living  reagent  of  whose  delicacy  of  response  we  can 
never  be  sure. 
"  But,"  say  these  men  in  defense,  "  it  is  not  because  we  do  not 
want  them,  but  because  we  cannot  get  them,  that  we  do  not  have 
competent  experts  in  this  line."  To  this  I  reply  that  the  reason  the 
manufacturers  cannot  get  trained  pharmacologists  is  because  they 
will  not  pay  the  necessary  price.  I  confess  that  at  present  the  cost 
is  large.  The  demand  for  pharmacologists  to-day  is  greater  than  the 
supply  and  as  is  always  the  case  in  such  conditions  the  price  is  high. 
Suppose  a  young  pharmacologist  holds  a  position  at  a  university  and 
is  earning  say  $1500  a  year,  with  congenial  surroundings  and  good 
prospects  for  advancement,  would  he  not  be  a  fool  to  change  such 
a  position  for  a  commercial  one  with  the  attached  obloquy  which 
justly  or  unjustly  is  associated  with  such  work,  in  which  the  likeli- 
hood of  further  advance  is  remote,  for  practically  the  same  financial 
recompense  he  is  receiving  for  his  university  work? 
To  tempt  the  scientist  into  commercial  work  requires  two  things : 
a  larger  salary  than  he  is  likely  to  receive  for  educational  labor  and 
a  readjustment  of  the  conditions  which  maintain  in  the  laboratory  of 
the  drug  manufacturers.  He  must  cease  to  be  regarded  as  a  sort 
of  attache  to  the  advertising  staff  and  be  allowed  at  least  a  degree 
of  scientific  freedom.  One  of  the  chief  reasons  for  the  odium  which 
pharmacologists  consider  inseparable  from  a  commercial  position 
is  that  the  investigator  must  publish  nothing  or  only  that  which 
his  employer  considers  to  be  to  the  advantage  of  his  business 
interests ;  in  other  words,  his  work  is  limited  not  only  as  to  its  kind 
but  also  as  to  the  results  he  shall  obtain.  Need  I  tell  you  that  such 
a  situation  is  utterly  abhorrent  to  any  man  of  scientific  instincts? 
I  see  no  reason  why  this  last  trouble  should  not  be  easily  eradi- 
cated; just  inject  a  little  really  ethical  integrity  into  your  business 
and  the  matter  is  arranged.  As  to  the  monetary  question,  I  am  not 
in  a  position  to  tell  you  whether  you  can  stand  the  expense  and 
continue  to  do  business  or  not,  that  you  must  answer  for  yourself. 
If  not,  the  problem  becomes  difficult,  but  it  must  be  solved.  If 
the  next  edition  of  the  United  States  Pharmacopoeia  includes  more 
biological  tests,  and  there  is  evidence  of  a  growing  sentiment  in  this 
direction,  either  the  manufacturer  will  have  to  find,  some  one  to 
make  these  tests  or  else  stop  making  preparations  of  these  drugs ; 
for  if  I  read  the  times  aright  the  inexperience  of  their  experts  is  not 
going  to  be  accepted  by  the  Government  as  an  excuse  for  the  failure 
