PHARMACEUTICAL  GLEANINGS. 
13 
had  seen.  It  has  a  contrivance  by  which  the  distance  between 
the  cylinders  can  be  regulated  at  will  by  two  screws  with  wheels 
attached,  with  their  circumference  divided,  and  numbered  so  that 
the  operator  can  tell  at  a  glance  how  far  they  are  apart.  By 
this  means,  in  crushing  taraxacum  for  instance,  the  process  can 
be  commenced  with  the  cylinders  so  far  apart  as  to  draw  in  the 
larger  roots,  and  afterward  the  process  repeated  with  the  cylin- 
ders closer  together.  The  cylinders  are  of  cast  iron,  but  may  be 
made  of  gun  metal  or  hard  wood.  Considerable  force  is  required 
to  turn  the  wheel,  which  is  the  chief  defect  in  the  machine,  but 
two  or  more  persons  can  assist,  or  it  may  be  adapted  to  steam 
power  where  this  is  at  hand. 
Description. — The  machine  consists  of  a  pair  of  rollers  which 
revolve  toward  each  other  by  means  of  "a  pair  of  cogs,  operated 
by  the  small  cogs  attached  to  the  axle  of  the  fly  wheel  which 
works  in  a  large  cog-wheel  attached  to  one  of  the  rollers.  On 
the  left  hand  side  are  the  regulating  wheels  for  approximating 
the  rollers.  Above  the  rollers  is  the  hopper,  in  which  the  herbs 
and  roots  are  placed.  Beneath  the  rollers  is  the  receiver  into 
which  the  crushed  material  falls,  and  which  is  provided  with  a 
lateral  gutter  to  conduct  off  any  excess  of  juice.  Each  roller  is 
provided  with  a  scraper  beneath  to  remove  adhering  material. 
The  whole  is  firmly  secured  in  a  cast  iron  frame,  which  is  fast- 
ened to  the  floor  of  the  apartment. 
Mode  of  operating.— The  material  being  ready,  it  is  fed  gradu- 
ally to  the  rollers  by  the  hopper,  which  are  put  in  motion  by 
turning  the  fly  wheel.  When  the  stalks  of  plants  are  firm,  or 
the  roots  large  they  should  be  prepared  by  cutting  them  trans- 
versely, and  when  the  first  operation  does  not  effectually  crush 
the  material,  its  coarse  parts  may  be  returned  to  the  hopper  and 
repassed  after  tightening  the  rollers. 
GroodeWs  patent  grinding  and  levigating  apparatus. — This 
piece  of  apparatus,  the  invention  of  Mr.  H.  Goodell,  of  Darby, 
England,  (see  Pharm.  Journ.  xiii.  212,)  is  for  the  pulverization 
of  drugs  on  a  small  scale.  It  consists  in  a  novel  and  improved 
arrangement  of  machinery,  whereby  the  operations  of  grinding 
and  levigating  various  substances,  may  be  performed  by  the  aid 
of  a  pestle  instead  of  rollers  or  flat  comminuting  surfaces. 
It  differs  from  "Makenzies  Triturator,"  figured  at  page  27, 
vol.  25th  of  this  Journal,  both  in  construction  and  in  the  kind  of 
motion  communicated  to  the  pestle,1  which,  in  the  machine  now 
