ON  THE   CINCHONAS  OF  COMMERCE. 
53 
'racture,  woody  internally,  and  suberous  externally.  A  fresh  bit- 
terness, similar  to  that  of  the  calisaya,  slightly  styptic,  very  per- 
sistant and  rather  aromatic.  The  barks  which  are  thinner  and 
almost  always  rolled,  found  in  the  serons  mixed  with  the  larger 
barks,  differ  neither  in  bitterness  or  color ;  but  if  treated  separately, 
less  alkaloid  will  be  obtained. 
The  whole  together  produces  15  to  16  grammes  of  sulphate  of 
quinine,  and  from  6  to  8  grammes  of  sulphate  of  cinchonine  per 
kilogramme  :  1  gramme  of  these  sulphates  gives  the  same  quantity 
of  bitannate  as  those  of  calisaya  with  tannin  or  an  infusion  of  nut 
galls. 
M.  Delondre  sent  a  very  large  sample  to  M.  Guibourt  some 
months  ago,  that  he  might  convince  himself  by  his  own  analysis  of 
the  error  into  which  he  had  fallen  respecting  this  cinchona. 
Yellow  Cinchona  of  Mutis. — This  cinchona  presents  at  the  first 
view  the  same  characters  as  the  preceding,  but  the  internal  color  .is 
of  a  yellow  ochre  color,  the  texture  is  less  united,  and  sometimes 
with  rather  deep  longitudinal  furrows,  especially  the  larger  barks. 
The  surface  is  more^or  less  wrinkled,  of  a  duller  yellow,  withmoe 
whitish  traces  of  epidermis,  and  in  some  places  with  crusts,  which 
are  easily  removed,  and  which  leave  deep  hollows. 
The  bitter  is  slightly  acid  and  more  styptic  than  that  of  the 
orange  yellow.  The  product  is  from  12  to  14  grammes  of  sulphate 
of  quinine,  and  from  5  to  6  grammes  of  sulphate  of  cinchonine  per 
kilogramme. 
According  to  M.  Delondre's  experiments,  the  peculiar  crystalli- 
zation to  which  he,  in  conjunction  with  M.  0.  Henri,  gave  in  1833, 
the  name  of  quinidine  is  obtained  w7ith  greater  ease  from  this  sul- 
phate of  quinine  than  from  others,  although  in  small  quantity;  this 
substance  has  been  again  examined  of  late,  notwithstanding  the 
observations  published  by  them  in  1831,  to  prove  that  this  crystal- 
lization is  due  to  a  state  of  hydration  of  the  quinine. 
Red  Cinchona  of  Mutis. — The  barks  of  this  cinchona  are  from 
2  to  15  millimetres  in  thickness  in  the  bulk  of  the  serons.  Inter- 
nally, the  color  is  of  a  reddish  brown,  the  texture  is  very  close, 
with  some  deep  longitudinal  furrows  in  the  thick  barks.  The  ex- 
terior is  of  a  lighter  red,  even  and  spongy,  covered  in  some  places 
with  a  light  epidermis,  of  a  dull  white,  very  adherent,  and  in  some 
parts  with  crusts,  which  are  easily  detached,  and  leave  deep  hoi- 
