362 
MANUFACTURE  OF  PYROGALLIC  ACID. 
from  the  same  district.  Secondly,  that  the  Larks  that  are  now- 
a-days  exported  from  New  Granada  are  not  all  China  Bog oten sis , 
but  are  so  different  from  one  another,  that  we  must  acknowledge 
that  they  come  from  different  trees;  a  few  of  these  barks,  those 
growing  in  the  plateau  of  Bogota  or  its  vicinity,  I  have  noticed 
above.  And  further,  that  because  the  barks  come  from  New 
Granada  they  should  not  be  underrated,  for  they  contain  some 
of  the  best  sorts.  Schauffele  and  Bouquet  have  shown,  that 
some  barks  obtained  by  them  direct  from  the  exporter  Lopez,  of 
New  Granada,  are  as  rich  in  quinine  and  cinchonine  as  the  China 
calisaya  vera,  while  naturally,  others  are  not  so  rich  and  some 
are  poor  ones. 
Finally,  with  regard  to  the  composition  of  the  impure  sulphate 
of  quinine  of  New  Granada,  it  must  be  expected  to  vary,  and 
much,  according  to  the  different  kinds  of  bark  employed  at  this 
or  that  time  of  manufacturing.  However,  the  sulphate  of  quinine, 
such  as  given  by  the  manufactory  of  Taquendama  to-day  is  quite 
pure ;  and  it  is  with  no  small  degree  of  pleasure  that  I  can  say, 
that  our  country  not  only  produces  the  source  of  the  renowned 
specific,  but  the  men  and  the  mind  to  preserve  it,  and  to  distri- 
bute it  to  our  fellow-creatures. — Pharmaceutical  Journal,  April 
1,  1854. 
THE  MANUFACTURE  OE  PYROGALLIC  ACID. 
By  H.  Gruneberg. 
As  the  material,  for  the  manufacture  of  pyrogallic  acid,  I  em- 
ploy Chinese  galls,  which  are  coarsely  powdered,  twice  extracted 
with  boiling  of  water,  and  then  expressed.  The  extract  obtained 
is  evaporated  to  dryness,  and  pulverized.  It  amounts  to  rather 
more  than  30  pounds  for  every  50  pounds  of  gall  treated. 
As  the  apparatus  I  use  a  flat  basin  of  sheet  iron,  whose  bot- 
tom has  a  diameter  of  18  inches,  with  an  upright  rim  3  inches 
high.  At  a  height  of  Ij  inch  from  the  bottom  of  the  dish,  the 
rim  bears  at  the  external  side  a  tube  an  inch  long,  and  an  inch 
in  diameter,  directed  somewhat  upwards,  which  communicates 
with  the  interior  of  the  dish,  and  serves  to  receive  a  thermom- 
eter, by  means  of  a  cork. 
At  the  bottom  of  the  dish  half  a  pound  of  the  pulverized  ex- 
