412 
AMERICAN  WINE,  BRANDY  AND  TARTAR. 
has  been  experimenting  for  thirty  years  on  the  foreign  grape, 
both  for  table  and  for  wine,  and  has  imported  vines  from  Paris, 
Bordeaux,  the  Jura  Mountains,  and  from  Madeira,  but  all  failed  ; 
Mr.  Longworth's  experiments  were  first  made  at  the  vineyard, 
well  known  under  the  name  of  Baldface,  now  about  twenty-eight 
years  old.  Since  Longworth's  pioneer  enterprize,  the  Cincinnati 
Horticultural  Society  and  the  American  Wine-growers'  Associa- 
tion have  fostered  the  grape  culture,  and  have  repeatedly  awarded 
prizes  to  successful  competitors. 
In  1846,  there  were  83  vineyards  in  the  neighborhood  of  Cin- 
cinnati, containing  248  acres  under  cultivation,  and  114  acres 
bearing,  and  24,000  gallons  of  wine  were  made.  In  1852,  1200 
acres  were  in  culture,  and  750  bearing,  and  the  yield  was  calcu- 
lated to  be  500,000  gallons.  That  portion  of  this  wine  crop, 
called  the  sparkling  (or  champaigne)  Catawba,  alone  was  worth 
$175,000. 
A  bushel  of  grapes  will  yield  from  three  to  three  and  a  half 
gallons  of  juice.  Mr.  Buchanan  commenced  planting  his  vineyard 
in  1843  ;  in  1850,  he  realized,  besides  the  cuttings,  1640  gallons 
of  wine.  In  1853,  he  obtained  from  five  acres  4236  gallons,  or 
847  gallons  per  acre.  In  particular  spots,  there  has  been  obtained 
800  gallons  from  an  acre,  but  650  gallons  is  considered  a  large 
yield. 
The  demand  for  Catawba  wine  is  far  ahead  of  the  supply,  and 
the  quality  is  constantly  being  improved,  both  by  the  cultivators 
and  by  those  who  prepare  it  for  market. 
The  Wine-growers'  Association,  of  which  Mr.  Lewis  Rehfuss 
is  the  President,  hold  their  meetings  monthly,  alternately  at  the 
vineyards  of  the  members. 
The  last  of  these  meetings  was  held  in  July,  on  the  grounds 
of  Mr.  Werk,  in  Green  Township,  four  miles  from  Cincinnati, 
where  the  vineyards  of  Mr.  W.  cover  fifty  acres,  one-fifth  of 
which  is  planted  with  the  Catawba  grape.  On  this  occasion, 
thirty  varieties  of  native  wines  were  examined  by  the  members ; 
but,  as  usual,  the  prevailing  opinion  was  in  favor  of  the  "  spark- 
ling Catawba,"  for  which  Mr.  Werk's  is  noted.  The  wine  vaults 
of  this  gentleman  are  equal  to  many  of  the  champaigne  establish- 
ments of  France.  The  deep  arched  cellars  are  ninety-eight  feet 
by  twenty-seven  feet,  and  contain  about  65,000  bottles  of  wine, 
with  all  the  conveniences  for  bottling. 
