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IODINE  IN  MINERALS,  PLANTS  AND  ANIMALS. 
lata,  by  Sarphati ;  in  gorgonia  flabellum,  fiustra  foliacea  ;  vari- 
eties of  serutularia,  tubularia,  rhizostoma  and  cyana  ;  in  asterias 
rubens,  crognon  vulgare,  mytilus  edulis,  ostrea  edulis  ;  varieties  of 
doris  and  venus  and  pleuronectes  flexuo.  The  oil  prepared  from 
the  liver  of  many  varieties  of  gadus  contains  iodine,  according  to 
numerous  researches.  Grager  gives  as  the  per  centage  0-0846  ; 
Wackenroder  finds  that  it  varies  between  0-162  and  0-324. 
The  oils  from  the  liver  of  raja  clavata  and  batis  likewise  con- 
tain iodine,  and,  according  to  Girardin  and  Preisser  even  more 
than  cod-liver  oil.  On  the  other  hand,  Fyfe,  Stratingh  and  Sar- 
phati, could  not  detect  iodine  in  the  corals,  the  eggs  of  buccinum 
undatum,  or  fish  gelatin.  According  to  Jonas  Scotch,  salt  her- 
rings contain  only  a  trace  of  iodine.  Traces  were  found  by  Holl 
in  the  liquids  of  julus  fwtidissimus,  and  by  Lander er  in  crabs, 
star  fish,  echini,  &c. 
The  presence  of  iodine  in  minerals  and  natural  waters  is  fre- 
quent. It  was  found  by  Del  Rio  and  Vauquelin,  combined  with 
mercury  and  silver,  in  the  cerussite  of  Catorce  (Mexico  ;)  by  Bus- 
termann,  Menzel  and  Cochler,  in  very  small  quantity,  in  Silesian 
zinc  ore ;  by  Fuchs,  in  the  salt  of  Hall  (Tyrol) — according  to  O. 
Henry  all  salts  contain  iodine — by  Hages,  Lembert  and  Reim- 
bach,  in  native  nitrate  of  soda. 
Duflos  found  iodine  in  the  Silesian  coal ;  Bussy  and  Graf  con- 
firmed his  observation,  and  the  former  found  it  in  the  form  of 
iodide  of  ammonium,  together  with  chloride  of  ammonium,  in  the 
combustion  products  of  the  burning  coal  mine  at  Commentry, 
as  well  as  in  the  distillation  products  of  coal ;  Mene  likewise 
found  bromine  in  the  condensed  liquor  of  gas  factories. 
It  is  remarkable  that  Reinsch  was  unable  to  detect  iodine  in 
the  saline  efflorescence  at  the  burning  coal  beds  at  Duttweiler, 
although  it  was  found  by  myself  in  the  coal  of  that  district,  and 
by  Genteles  in  the  clay  or  alum  slate  of  Lathrop  (Sweden,)  a  cir- 
cumstance which  tends  to  confirm  Forchammer's  opinion  that 
alum  slate  was  formed  by  the  decay  of  fuci,  &c.  The  efflorescence 
at  Duttweiler  is  of  two  kinds;  one  consisting,  according  to 
Reinsch,  chiefly  of  ammonia-alum,  with  traces  of  potash-alum, 
chlorides  of  sodium  and  ammonium,  together  with  very  minute 
quantities  of  bromide  of  ammonium,  but  not  a  trace  of  iodine. 
The  other  kind  is  chloride  of  ammonium,  sometimes  quite  white 
