VARIETIES. 
555 
with  Hungary  water  or  eau  de  Cologne,  as  the  rosemary  they  contain  ex- 
cites the  mind  to  a  vigorous  action,  sufficient  of  the  stimulant  being  inhaled 
by  occasionally  wiping  the  face  with  the  handkerchief  containing  these 
"  waters."  Shakespeare  giving  us  the  key,  we  can  understand  how 
it  is  that  such  perfumes  containing  rosemary  are  universally  said  to  be  "  so 
refreshing." 
Rhodium. — When  the  rose  wood,  the  lignum  of  the  Convolvulus  scoparius, 
is  distilled,  a  sweet-smelling  oil  is  procured,  resembling  in  some  slight  de- 
gree the  fragrance  of  the  rose,  and  hence  its  name.  At  one  time,  that  is, 
prior  to  the  cultivation  of  the  rose-leaf  geranium,  the  distillates  from  rose 
wood  and  from  the  root  of  the  Genista  canariensis  (canary  rose  wood),  were 
principally  drawn  for  the  adulteration  of  real  otto  of  roses,  but  as  the  gera- 
nium oil  answers  so  much  better,  the  oil  of  rhodium  has  fallen  into  disuse, 
hence  its  comparative  scarcity  in  the  market  at  the  present  day,  though 
our  grandfathers  knew  it  well.  One  cwt.  of  wood  yields  about  three  ounces 
of  oil. 
Ground  rose  wood  is  valuable  as  a  basis  in  the  manufacture  of  sachet 
powders  for  perfuming  the  wardrobe. 
The  French  have  given  the  name  jacaranda,  to  rosewood,  under  the 
idea  that  the  plant  called  jacaranda  by  the  Brazilians  yields  it,  which  is 
not  the  case  ;  the  same  word  has  perhaps  been  the  origin  of  palisander — 
palixander,  badly  written. 
Sage. — A  powerful  scenting  oil  can  be  procured  by  distillation  from  any 
of  the  Salviece.  It  is  rarely  used,  bat  is  nevertheless  very  valuable  in  com- 
bination for  scenting  soap. 
Dried  sage  leaves,  ground,  will  compound  well  for  sachets. 
Santal  Santalum  album. 
"The  santal  tree  perfumes,  wThen  riven, 
The  axe  that  laid  it  low." — Cameron. 
This  is  an  old  favorite  with  the  lovers  of  scent :  it  is  the  wood  that  pos- 
sesses the  odor.  The  finest  santal  wood  grows  in  the  island  of  Timor,  and 
the  Santal  Wood  Islands,  where  it  is  extensively  cultivated  for  the  Chinese 
market.  In  the  religious  ceremonies  of  the  Brahmins,  Hindoos,  and  Chi- 
nese, santal  wood  is  burned  by  way  of  incense  to  an  extent  almost  beyond 
belief.  The  Santala  grew  plentifully  in  China,  but  the  continued  offerings 
to  the  Buddahs  have  almost  exterminated  the  plant  from  the  Celestial  Em- 
pire ;  and  such  is  the  demand,  that  it  is  about  to  be  cultivated  in  Western 
Australia,  in  the  expectation  of  a  profitable  return,  which,  we  doubt  not, 
will  be  realized  ;  England  alone  would  consume  tenfold  the  quantity  she 
now  does,  were  its  price  within  the  range  of  other  perfuming  substances. — 
The  essential  oil  which  exists  in  the  santal  wood,  is  readily  procured  by 
distillation  ;  one  cwt.  of  good  wood  will  yield  about  thirty  ounces  of  oil. 
The  white  ant,  which  is  so  common  in  India  and  China,  eating  into  every 
organic  matter  that  it  comes  across,  appears  to  have  no  relish  for  santal 
