VARIETIES. 
563 
has  no  qualities  peculiar  enough  to  be  remarked  on,  and  that  the  methods 
adopted  for  preparing  its  essence,  extract,  water,  or  oil,  is  analogous  to 
those  that  have  already  been  noticed,  that  is,  by  the  processes  of  macera- 
tion, absorption,  or  enfleurage  for  flowers,  by  tincturation  for  roots  and  by 
distillation  for  seeds,  modified  under  certain  circumstances. 
There  are,  however,  three  other  important  derivative  odors — ambergris, 
civet  and  musk-which  being  from  the  animal  kingdom,  are  treated  sepa- 
rately from  plant  odors,  in  order,  it  is  considered,  to  render  the  whole  mat- 
ter less  confused  to  manufacturers  making  reference  to  them.  Ammonia 
and  acetic  acid,  holding  an  indefinite  position  to  the  order  we  have  laid 
down,  may  also  come  in  here  without  much  criticism,  being  considered  as 
primitive  odors. 
On  terminating  our  remarks  relating  to  the  simple  preparations  of  the 
odors  of  plants,  and  before  ave  speak  of  perfumes  of  an  animal  origin,  or  of 
those  compound  odors  sold  as  boquets,  nosegays,  &c-,  it  may  probably  be 
interesting  to  give  a  few  facts  and  statistics,  showing  the  consumption  in 
England,  of  the  several  substances  previously  named' 
Quantities  of  Essential  Oils,  paying  Is  per  pound  duty,  entered  for 
HOME  CONSUMPTION  IN  THEYEAR  1852. 
lbs. 
Essential  oil  of  bergamot       ....  28,574 
(i        "     carraway       ....  3.602 
11        "     cassia   6,163 
u     cloves           .       .       .       .  595 
"        "     lavender       ....  12,776 
"        "     lemon   67,348 
"        "     mint  and  spearmint       .       .  163 
Otto  of  roses          ......  1,268 
Essential  oil  of  peppermint     .       .       .  16,059 
"        "     thyme     .....  11,418 
11         11     lemon  grass  ~) 
"        '•'     citronella       ....  £.47,380 
And  other  oils  not  otherwise  described    .       .  J 
Total  essential  oils  imported  in  one  year       .       .      .  195,346 
Paying  a  duty  of  Is.  per  pound,  yield  a  revenue  annually  of  £9,766  16s. 
It  would  appear  by  the  above  return  that  our  consumption  of  essential  oil 
of  cloves  was  exceedingly  small;  whereas  it  is  probably  ten  times  that 
amount.  The  fact  is,  several  of  the  English  wholesale  druggists  are  very 
large  distillers  of  this  oil,  leaving  little  or  no  room  for  the  sale  and  importa- 
tion of  foreign  distilled  oil  of  cloves.  Again,  the  oil  of  carraway,  the  Eng- 
lish production  of  that  article,  is  quite  equal  to  the  foreign  :  also,  oil  of  laven- 
der, which  is  drawn  in  this  country  probably  to  the  extent  of  GOOOlbs.  annu^ 
ally.. 
