HISTORY  OF  PHARMACY  IN  RUSSIA. 
169 
Of  the  700  dispensing  stores  in  Russia,  there  are  75  in  St. 
Petersburg,  26  in  Moscow,  4  in  Dorpat,  14  in  Riga  (60,000  in- 
habitants) and  one  in  each  of  the  following  cities  :  Astrachan 
(46,000  inhabitants,)  Perm,  Orenburg,  Ufa,  Catharineburg, 
Jobolsk,  Tomsk  and  Irkutzk,  all  places  of  from  15  to  40,000  in- 
habitants. In  Siberia,  there  is  one  dispensing  store  for  each 
20,000  square  miles  (about  400,000  sq.  m.  Engl.)  The  furni- 
ture and  the  interior  arrangements  of  these  stores  are  generally 
unexceptionable,  and  the  fixtures  of  some  stores  in  the  principal 
cities  have  cost  as  high  as  10,000  rubels  (about  $7,000.) 
Model  pharmaceutical  establishments,  however,  are  more  fre- 
quently found  in  the  interior,  particularly  in  the  provincial 
capitals.  In  all  establishments  may  be  found  good  sets  of 
pharmaceutical  and  chemical  apparatus,  mostly  with  the  latest 
improvements,  and  their  business  is  purely  pharmaceutical  with- 
out the  addition  of  the  grocery,  hardware,  liquor  or  other  busi- 
ness, as  is  sometimes  met  with  in  other  countries. 
The  amount  of  trade  of  the  Russian  drug  stores  is  of  course 
very  unequal.  There  may  be  2  with  an  income  of  40,000 
rubels,  5  with  about  25,000  r,,  about  50  with  from  10  to  15,000 
r.,  while  the  majority  have  a  gross  revenue  of  3  to  5,000  r.,  and 
in  the  small  interior  towns  between  1000  and  2500  r.;  the  smallest 
business  amounting  to  but  800  r.  annually,  is  done  in  Zaryzin, 
a  town  with  4426  inhabitants. 
In  regard  to  education,  the  mass  of  the  Russian  apothecaries 
compare  favorably  with  those  of  other  countries  ,  the  ignorant 
are  by  far  in  the  minority.  With  the  exception  of  the  capitals, 
the  pharmaceutists  are  so  thinly  scattered  throughout  that 
colossal  empire,  that  they  are  in  fact  lost  in  the  space,  and  a 
mutual  intercourse  between  them  cannot  be  kept  up.  Of  late, 
pharmaceutists  have  been  appointed  professors  at  the  Universities 
of  St.  Petersburg  and  Moscow,  and  thus  had  occasion  to  more 
widely  distinguish  themselves.  Among  the  living  Russian  phar- 
maceutists native  as  well  as  naturalized,  are  some  who  have 
gained  fame  beyond  the  limits  of  Russia,  and  many  men  dis- 
tinguished in  other  sciences  have  been  reared  in  the  school  of 
pharmacy. 
Formerly  Scherer's  Northern  Journal  of  Chemistry  was  the 
organ  of  the  Russian  chemists  and  pharmaceutists;  but  there 
