VARIETIES.  177 
1st.  The  expense  in  the  first  cost  of  the  apparatus  required. 
2d.  The  difficulty  in  its  proper  location  along  the  line  of  a  route  under 
construction. 
What  is  wanted  is  some  process  which  is  simple,  cheap,  and  efficacious. 
Boucherie's  system  of  introducing  the  solutions  longitudinally,  through  the 
pores  or  tubes  of  the  timber,  by  the  pressure  of  a  column  of  any  conve- 
nient height,  is  a  step  in  the  right  direction  to  meet  these  necessities.  A 
description  of  his  first  methods  of  operating  has  already  been  furnished  in 
previous  numbers  of  the  Journal. 
An  account  of  the  more  recent  improvements  which  have  been  adopted 
is  given  by  Mr.  John  Reid,  Jr.,  of  Glasgow  :  an  extract  will  not  be  deemed 
irrelevant. 
"After  the  tree  has  been  felled,  a  saw  cut  is  made  across  the  centre 
through  about  9-10ths  of  the  section  of  the  tree,  which  is  slightly  raised 
at  the  centre  by  a  lever  or  wedge  so  as  to  open  the  saw  cut  a  little  ;  a  piece 
of  string  or  chord  is  placed  around  the  edge  of  the  saw  cut,  and  lowering 
the  tree  again,  the  cut  closes  on  the  string,  which  thus  formes  a  water- 
tight joint;  an  auger  hole  is  then  bored  obliquely  into  the  saw  cut  from 
the  outside,  into  which  is  driven  a  hollow  wooden  plug  ;  a  flexible  tube  is 
fitted  on  the  plug,  the  end  of  which  is  made  slightly  conical,  so  that  the 
tube  maybe  pushed  tight  upon  it;  the  fluid  flows  from  a  cistern  at  an  ele- 
vation of  from  30  to  40  feet."   ( See  fig.  1.) 
Vig.l 
Mr.  Reid  further  adds  that  the  timber  is  most  successfully  operated  up- 
on within  ten  days  after  being  felled,  in  which  event,  the  process  with  a 
log  9  feet  long,  will  occupy  twenty-four  hours.  If  the  timber  is  felled  3 
months,  3  days  are  required  ;  if  4  months,  4  days. 
To  expedite  the  longitudinal  transmission  of  solutions,  an  ingenious 
and  simple  apparatus  has  been  contrived  by  John  L.  Pott,  Esq.,  the  intel- 
ligent proprietor  of  the  Orchard  Iron  Works,  in  Pottsville  ;  some  idea  of 
which  can  be  formed  by  the  following  description. 
It  consists  of  a  force  pump,  to  the  cast  iron  frame  of  which  is  bolted  a 
strong  cylinder,  also  of  cast  iron,  9  feet  long  ;  the  inside  diameter  being  12 
12 
