212 
PHARMACEUTICAL  NOTES  OF  TRAVEL. 
which  are  4000  francs  and  upwards,  annually,  are  paid  in  part 
by  Government,  and  partly  derived  from  the  class.  The  very 
large  compensation  realized  for  instruction,  at  some  of  the 
Medical  Colleges  in  the  United  States,  is  scarcely  dreamed  0f 
in  Europe,  where  many  Professors,  whose  lives  are  consecrated 
to  the  advancement  of  science,  and  whose  discoveries  have  bene- 
fitted mankind  at  large,  are  satisfied  with  salaries  which,  while 
they  keep  them  in  comfortable  circumstances,  do  not  allow  of 
the  luxurious  expenses  which  the  successful  merchant  or  manu- 
facturer may  so  easily  secure.  On  the  other  hand,  the  absence 
of  those  unendowed  colleges  in  which  scientific  instruction  is 
brought  within  the  range  of  ordinary  competition,  and  in  which 
the  profits  of  the  Professor  are  as  precarious  as  those  of  any 
other  class  of  business  adventurers,  is  here  a  positive  advantage 
to  the  whole  class  of  scientific  men. 
The  Paris  School  of  Pharmacy  has  about  300  students  annu- 
ally ;  these  gentlemen  all  pursue  the  practical  course  in  the 
laboratory,  besides  the  lectures.  Many  of  them  are  engaged 
in  some  of  the  twenty-two  Hospitals  in  Paris,  where  their  wages 
as  Pharmaciens  afford  them  support,  while  they  have  sufficient 
time  in  the  intervals  of  their  duties  for  the  lectures  and  practi- 
cal instructions.  Each  student  resorts  to  the  laboratory  three 
times  a  week,  and  spends  about  three  hour3  in  its  exercises. 
Of  the  three  years  of  practice,  the  first  is  devoted  to  the  prepa- 
ration of  chemical  and  pharmaceutical  products  ;  the  second  to 
experiments  in  physics,  and  the  third  to  analysis  and  the  detec- 
tion of  poisons.  The  degrees  are  of  two  kinds,  the  first  en- 
titling the  graduate  to  practice  pharmacy  in  Paris,  Montpelier, 
or  any  where  at  pleasure ;  the  second  allowing  him  to  practice 
only  in  the  smaller  towns  and  provinces.  The  few  students  re- 
maining in  the  laboratory  at  the  time  of  my  visit  were  engaged 
in  finishing  the  final  preparations  to  be  shown  as  evidences  of 
their  skill,  at  the  examinations. 
The  most  interesting  of  the  Pharmaceutical  manufactories 
visited  in  Paris  was  that  known  as  the  PharmaeieCentrale  des  Ho- 
pitaux  et  Hosjrices.  This  is  the  general  manufactory  and  dis- 
tributing establishment  for  the  numerous  Hospitals  and  Alms 
Houses  {Hospices)  of  the  city,  with  the  exception  of  the  Military 
Hospitals,  which  have  a  separate  pharmacy.    It  was  under  the 
