USE  OF  FUNNELS  IN  DISPLACEMENT. 
827 
of  that  city,  three  or  four  grades  of  the  otto  can  be  bought ;  of 
course,  they  are  simply  different  degrees  of  adulteration. 
The  exact  cost  of  manufacturing  the  pure  otto  of  rose,  at 
Kisanlik  may  be  estimated  by  referring  to  the  following  figures 
of  an  actual  experiment  made  under  my  direction  : 
10,000  lbs.  fresh  rose  leaves       .       .       .  $140.00 
Paid  for  use  of  still  6.25 
Paid  for  labor  and  fuel     ....  16.50 
162.75 
Yield  was  36  ounces,  thus  costing  $4.52  per  ounce  to  the 
producer. 
This  fragrant  oil  is  made  in  other  parts  of  the  world  by  pro- 
cesses differing  doubtlessly  from  the  one  described,  also  from  a 
different  rose;  the  one  used  in  Tripoli  is  white,  having  but  few 
petals.  The  rose  grown  in  the  southern  portion  of  France  bor- 
dering on  Italy  yields  hardly  a  trace  of  oil  by  distillation,  al- 
though only  J  degree  further  north  than  Kisanlik,  the  rose 
leaves  there  being  used  directly  to  impart  their  odor  to  perfum- 
ing soaps  or  distilled  water. 
As  regards  the  manner  of  testing  the  purity  of  the  oil,  I 
agree  with  Mr.  Mackay,  that  the  sulphuric  acid  and  other  tests 
are  of  no  value.  The  odor  is  the  best  test,  and  that  can  only 
be  applied  by  experts  where  the  otto  is  made. 
ON  THE  USE  OF  FUNNELS  IN  DISPLACEMENT. 
By  Edward  Parrish. 
Since  the  publication  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  American 
Pharmaceutical  Association  of  the  views  and  experience  of  my 
friend  Prof.  I.  J.  Grahame,  on  the  management  of  the  process 
of  Displacement  or  Percolation,  I  have  tried  several  experiments 
with  a  view  to  satisfy  myself  in  regard  to  their  utility  or  correct- 
ness. In  these  experiments  I  have  attempted  to  obtain  some  of 
the  most  common  preparations  by  following  his  directions  carefully 
and  accurately,  and  have  met  with  repeated  disappointment  and 
in  one  or  two  instances  lost  considerable  quantities  of  material 
by  the  apparatus  becoming  clogged,  and  the  menstruum  flowing 
