334 
ON  OTTO  OF  ROSE. 
state  of  Tunis,  in  Persia,  and  in  the  northern  parts  of  India,* 
Otto  of  Rose  is  also  manufactured,  but  none  from  these  coun- 
tries finds  its  way  into  the  London  Market. 
With  regard  to  Turkey,  the  chief  localities  in  which  the  rose 
is  cultivated  for  the  production  of  Otco,  are  Kizanlik,  a  large 
town  lying  on  the  southern  side  of  the  Balkans,  about  seventy 
miles  to  the  north  of  Adrianople.  At  Eski-Zaghra,  in  the  val- 
ley of  the  Tunja,  to  the  south-east  of  Kiranlik,  the  rose  is  also 
cultivated  on  a  large  scale,  and  at  Carlova,f  also  on  the  southern 
side  of  the  Balkans,  about  100  miles  from  Adrianople,  much 
Otto  is  said  to  be  produced. 
The  flowering  season  commences  in  May,  and  the  roses  are 
usually  collected  before  sunrise  every  morning.  When  the 
weather  is  dry  and  hot,  the  flowering  season  is  short,  and  the 
roses  blooming  about  the  same  time,  it  is  impossible  to  collect 
them  all. 
The  process  followed  is  the  simple  one  of  distilling  the  roses 
with  water  in  copper  stills  of  no  very  considerable  dimensions, 
and  collecting  the  Otto  from  the  distilled  product. 
In  very  favorable  seasons,  the  three  districts  above  mentioned 
can  produce  from  300,000  to  360,000  meticals,  which,  at  six 
metioals  to  the  ounce,  would  give  from  50,000  to  60,000  ounces. 
This,  however,  is  of  rare  occurrence,  as,  independently  of  the 
weather,  other  causes,  as  frost,  or  caterpillars,  may  reduce  the 
crop. 
I  am  informed  that  in  the  year  1854,  the  crop  in  the  three 
districts  above  named,  though  not  abundant,  was  calculated  at 
250,000  meticals,  equal  to  41,666  ounces;  in  the  year  1855  it 
was  estimated  at  30,000  ounces ;  while  in  1856  it  did  not  much 
exceed  13,000  ounces. 
The  Otto  of  Rose  is  transported  from  the  producing  districts 
in  large,  flat,  tin  bottles,  covered  with  thick,  white  felt,  and 
*  Ghazeepore  on  the  Ganges  is  famous  for  its  manufacture  of  Rose  Water  and 
Otto  of  Rose.  The  latter  I  would  willingly  have  examined,  but  have  been  un- 
able to  obtain  a  specimen,  or,  in  fact,  of  any  Indian  Otto  of  Rose  in  a  state  of 
purity. 
Tunisian  Otto  of  Rose,  valued  at  an  enormous  price,  was  sent  to  the  Great 
Exhibition  of  1851,  but  I  had  no  opportunity  of  obtaining  a  sample. 
f  Sometimes  spelt  Carloya,  but  I  cannot  find  it  under  either  name,  even  upon 
the  best  maps. 
