FORMULAE  FOR  THE  FLUID  EXTRACTS. 
537 
EXTRAOTUM  GRANATI  RADIOIS  FLUIDUM. 
From  Pomgranate  root  bark,  in  powder,  No.  60. 
EXTRACTUM  RUBI  FLUIDUM. 
From  Blackberry  root,  in  powder,  No.  50. 
EXTRACTUM  S  ARS AP ARILL^E  FLUIDUM. 
From  Sarsaparilla,  in  powder,  No.  50. 
EXTRACTUM  SPIGELLE. 
From  Pink  root,  in  powder,  No.  50. 
EXTRACTUM  UVA  URSI  FLUIDUM. 
From  Uva  Ursi,  in  powder,  No.  50. 
Remarks  The  astringent  and  apothemic  drugs  are  less  lia- 
ble to  decompose  with  a  saccharine  menstruum  than  with  an  al- 
coholic liquid.  A  decided  advantage  is  gained  by  adding  the 
sugar  before  the  completion  of  the  evaporation,  and  in  some  cases 
it  might  be  better  to  add  the  sugar  at  first,  and  evaporate  the 
alcohol  afterwards. 
When  carefully  prepared,  as  described  in  the  formulae,  these 
fluid  extracts  are  dense,  clear,  dark-colored  solutions,  with  the 
exception  of  the  Cinchona.  This  is,  as  in  the  preparation  of 
Mr.  Taylor,  (which  is  of  half  the  strength,)  a  reddish-brown, 
opaque,  syrupy  liquid,  highly  charged  with  the  properties  of 
Calisaya  bark.  It  has  not  been  sought  to  render  this  a  clear 
solution  by  excluding  the  precipitate  of  cinchotannates  of  the  al- 
kaloids, which  occurs  by  cooling,  nor  to  modify  and  render  it 
soluble  by  the  use  of  acids.  If  it  should  be  determined  to  make 
the  preparation  clear,  in  case  it  is  adopted  into  the  Pharmaco- 
poeia, it  may  be  better  to  evaporate  the  tincture  to  one-fourth,  let 
it  stand  till  cool,  strain  out  the  precipitate,  add  the  cloudy  liquid 
to  the  sugar,  and  when  dissolved  evaporate  till  reduced  to  a  pint 
by  a  water  bath  beat.  The  small  portion  of  undissolved  matter 
that  occasions  the  cloudiness  of  the  liquid  will  be  dissolved  by 
the  sugar  during  the  heating  process.  The  fluid  extract  of 
Blackberry  root,  is  an  admirable  astringent  addition  to  diarrhoea 
mixtures,  as  those  of  Nutgalls  and  Cranesbill  are  to  gargles. 
The  fluid  extracts  of  Chimaphila,  Dulcamara,  Pomgranate, 
Spigelia,  and  Sarsaparilla,  fully  represent  the  several  drugs,  and 
by  dilution  with  three  times  their  bulk  of  simple  syrup  afford 
syrups  of  the  ordinary  strength. 
