576 
ON  CITRON  CONTAMINATED  WITH  COPPER. 
completely  separated  by  a  further  addition  of  alcohol.  The 
supernatant  clear  fluid,  when  mixed  with  much  water,  separates 
an  abundance  of  flakes,  which  may  readily  be  collected  ;  and 
this  flocculent  body  is  nothing  but  the  volatile  alcohol  just  men- 
tioned. 
The  remaining  alcoholic  fluid  contains  valerianate  of  potash. 
To  obtain  the  above  mentioned  alcohol  in  a  pure  state,  the  al- 
coholic fluid  obtained  from  the  decomposition  of  the  resin,  which 
is  still  rich  in  potash,  is  put  into  a  retort,  when  the  alcohol  is 
distilled  off  and  replaced  with  water.  When  the  last  traces  of 
alcohol  have  passed  over,  the  wall  of  the  retort  becomes  coated 
with  a  thin  fatty  layer,  which  gradually  passes  into  the  ascend- 
ing tube,  and  then  into  the  refrigerating  tube,  from  which  it  issues 
in  the  form  of  a  gelatinous  stopper.  In  order  to  prepare  larger 
quantities,  it  is  better  to  employ  the  resin  itself,  distilling  it  in 
very  spacious  retorts  with  solution  of  potash  not  too  concen- 
trated. 
The  formation  of  this  body  also  takes  place  with  baryta- 
water. 
If  the  masses  of  the  volatile  body  be  fused  upon  water,  they 
flow  into  a  perfectly  clear  oleaginous  stratum,  which,  on  cooling, 
exhibits  a  very  delicate  crystalline  structure.  The  melting-point 
in  the  capillary  tube,  employing  two  glasses  standing  one  with- 
in the  other,  was  found  to  be  exactly  1049  F.,  which  is  also  the 
point  of  solidification.    Analysis  gave  ; — 
c 
77-95 
78-06 
26=156 
78 
H 
14-08 
14-15 
28  28 
14 
0 
7.97 
7-79 
2  15 
8 
As  this  volatile  alcohol  is  produced  from  the  neutral  body 
C28  H28  O4,  which  the  author  regards  as  allied  to  the  aldehydes, 
the  formation  of  the  acid  first  described  and  of  the  alcohol  is 
as  follows : — 
2  (C28  H28  04)=C26  H28  O6. 
London  Chem.  Cfaz.from  Liebig's  Annalen,  cix.  p.  209. 
ON  CITRON  CONTAMINATED  WITH  COPPER. 
Bauwens,  jun.,  of  Ghent,  has  found  that  citron  (succade,  confec- 
tio  citri)  is  often  contaminated  with  copper  ;  of  six  samples,  ob  ■ 
