90  Phenol  as  a  Test  for  Nitrites,  etc.  {AmS%Tm' 
seed  oil  group.  The  saponification  equivalent,  the  high  melting  point 
of  the  fatty  acids  and  the  free  acids  are  very  remarkable,  and  the  sul- 
phuric and  nitric  acid  tests  are  particularly  allied  to  those  performed 
upon  cotton-seed  oil. — Phar.  Jour,  and  Trans.,  January  5th,  p.  525. 
PHENOL  AND  SOME  ALLIED  SUBSTANCES  AS  TESTS 
WITH  CONCENTRATED  SULPHURIC  ACID  FOR  NI- 
TRITES, NITRATES,  AND  CHLORATES  IN  AQUEOUS 
SOLUTION.1 
By  D.  Lindo. 
The  author  employed  the  following  solutions  in  his  numerous  ex- 
periments. Phenol : — 10  cc.  of  Calvert's  No.  1  fused,  dissolved  in 
some  water  mixed  with  25  cc.  of  97  per  cent,  alcohol,  and  made  up  to 
100  cc.  with  water.  Orcinol : — 5  grams  dissolved  in  water,  and  made 
up  to  100  cc.  Sulphuric  acid,  pure  commercial,  sp.  gr.  1*837  at  26°. 
Nitric  solution  : — 1*8723  grams  of  potassium  nitrate  made  up  to  100 
cc.  =  solution  100  N205.  Nitrous  solution : — 0*4053  gram  of  silver 
nitrite  dissolved  in  100  cc.  of  boiling  water,  mixed  with  0*160  gram 
of  sodium  chloride  in  solution,  allowed  to  cool,  made  up  to  200  cc, 
agitated,  and  when  settled  and  filtered  =  solution  2000  N203.  Chloric 
solution  : — 1*624  grams  of  potassium  chlorate  dissolved  and  made  up 
to  100  cc.  =  solution  100  C]205.  The  solutions  of  hydrochloric  acid 
used  were  a,  containing  26*16  per  cent.,  b  13*08  per  cent.,  and  c,  4*88 
per  cent.  The  sulphurous  acid  solution  contained  about  4  per  cent,  of 
the  gas.  The  ferric  chloride  about  36*5  per  cent,  of  the  salt,  the  ferrous 
sulphate  10  per  cent.,  and  the  copper  sulphate  0*5  per  cent,  of  the 
metal.  In  all  experiments,  0*5  cc.  of  the  solution  to  be  tested  was 
mixed  with  one  drop  of  phenol  or  two  drops  of  orcinol  solution,  except 
with  chlorates,  when  1  drop  of  orcinol  was  employed ;  2  cc.  of  sulphu- 
ric acid  is  then  run  down  the  side  of  the  tube  so  as  to  obtain  bands  of 
color  at  the  contact  of  the  liquids.  When  sulphurous  acid  is  used  it 
is  always  added  first,  the  phenol  or  orcinol  being  always  the  last  added 
before  the  sulphuric  acid.  The  following  are  some  of  the  results 
obtained. 
1  Chem.News,  lviii.,  1-3, 15-17,28-29,  40;  reprinted  from  Jour.  Chem.Soc,  1888, 
p.  1337. 
