108  Reviews  and  Bibliographical  Notices.  {AmF™*\marm' 
numerous  wood  cuts,  of  which  the  volume  contains  614,  every  one  of  which 
is  artistically  executed,  and  with  very  few  exceptions,  illustrates  some  por- 
tion of  a  drug  or  of  material  used  in  the  arts. 
Aside  from  the  introductory  portion  giving  also  the  microchemical  rea- 
gents, the  methods  of  preparation,  apparatus,  etc.,  the  work  is  divided  into 
two  parts  treating  respectively  of  the  cell  and  of  the  tissue  systems.  The 
first  part  occupying  a  little  less  than  one  half  of  the  book  is  again  divided 
into  two  sections,  of  which  the  first  treats  of  the  cell  contents,  taking  up  the 
formless  nitrogenated  contents,  protoplasm,  then  the  nitrogenated  contents 
having  a  distinct  shape  (nucleus,  aleuron,  chromatophores),  the  non-nitro- 
genous contents  (fat,  starches,  salts)  and  the  cell  sap  with  its  organic  and 
inorganic  constituents.  The  second  section  treats  of  the  cell  wall,  its  mor- 
phology, optical  behaviour  and  chemical  nature,  followed  by  brief  chapters 
on  cell  formation,  cell  forms  and  cellular  tissue. 
The  second  somewhat  larger  part  is  entitled  "  Anatomic-Physiological 
Systems,"  and  is  subdivided  as  follows  :  1.  meristemes  ;  2.  epidermal  sys- 
tem including  trichomes  and  cork ;  3.  mechanical  system  (bast,  libriform, 
collenchyme,  sclereids) ;  4.  absorption  system  (roothairs,  haustoria,  myco- 
rhiza) ;  5.  assimilation  system  (palisade  cells,  leaf  structure) ;  6.  conducting 
system  (ducts,  tracheids  and  conducting  parenchyme  as  the  elements  for 
conveying  water;  sieve  tubes  with  the  accompanying  cells,  cambiform, 
milk  tubes  and  conducting  parenchyma  as  the  elements  for  conveying  plas- 
tic material;  the  different  kinds  of  fibro-vascular  bundles  and  the  endoderm; 
then  the  secondary  growth  in  thickness,  including  bark,  wood,  etc.,) ;  7. 
ventilating  system  (intercellular  spaces,  stomata,  lenticels) ;  8.  storage  sys- 
tem (storage  organs  and  reserve  material) ;  9.  secretion  and  excretion  sys- 
tem (glands,  and  resin-, oil-,mucilage-, etc.,  cells;  schizogenic  and  lysigenic 
excretion  receptacles,  and  laticiferous  ducts). 
The  work  is  excellent  in  conception  and  execution,  instructive  and  incen- 
tive, and  of  lasting  value  to  students  as  well  as  to  all  those  using  the  micro- 
scope for  the  examination  of  vegetable  substances. 
Universal- Pharmakopde.  Eine  vergleichende  Zusammenstellung  der  zur  Zeit 
in  Europa  und  Nord  Amerika  giiltigen  Pharmakopoen  von  Dr.  Bruno 
Hirsch.    Gottingen  :  Yandenhoeck  &  Ruprecht. 
Universal  Pharmacopoeia.  A  comprehensive  comparison  of  the  pharmaco- 
poeias at  present  in  force  in  Europe  and  North  America. 
A  universal  pharmacopoeia,  intended  to  cover  the  wants  of  all  civilized 
countries,  would  be  a  visionary  undertaking;  but  in  the  present  case  the 
title  is  used  in  an  entirely  different  sense,  differing  also  from  that  of  older 
works  like  those  by  Jourdan,  Geiger  and  Mohr.  While  these  authors  based 
their  works  upon  the  pharmacopoeias  then  in  existence,  they,  at  the  same 
time,  admitted  also  numerous  drugs  and  galenicals  not  recognized  by  any 
pharmacopoeia  then  in  use,  and  their  works  must  be  regarded  more  in  the 
light  of  comprehensive  dispensatories,  or  of  general  repertories  similar  to  that 
more  modern  and  at  the  same  time  more  national  one  by  Dorvault,  entitled 
rOfficine,    But  the  work  before  us  is  intended  to  embrace  only  the  phar- 
