AmAprifi889arm'}    Pharmaceutical  Colleges  and  Associations.  207 
4.  — Give  the  botanical  name,  natural  order  and  habitat,  of  the  plants 
which  yield  the  following  drugs.  Specify  the  part  used,  and  state  the  offi- 
cinal title  of  each  drug : — Levant  Wormseed,  Koosso,  Red  Rose,  Sage. 
5.  — Illustrate  by  diagram  each  of  the  following  forms  of  leaves  : — Lanceo- 
late, Ovate,  Cordate,  Peltate,  Pinnate,  Bipinnate.  Write  the  name  of  each 
form  just  below  its  illustration. 
SPECIMENS, 
Santonica.  Aqua  anisi.  Sodii  boras. 
Sambucus.  Spirit.  Lavandulae.  Sodii  bicarbonas. 
Cetraria.  Extract.  Gentianse  fl.        Acid,  phosphoric. 
Anthemis. 
The  examinations  at  the  close  of  the  senior  course  occupied  five  days  aud 
were  conducted  as  follows  : 
MATERIA  MEDICA  AND  BOTANY. 
A.  — Belladonna  root. — Give  the  botanical  name  of  the  plant,  its  natural 
order,  and  its  habitat.  Describe  the  drug,  including  its  structural  character- 
istics. Is  the  young  root  or  the  root  from  old  plants  preferable,  and  why  ? 
How  may  the  trimmed  root  be  distinguished  from  marshmallow  root? 
What  alkaloids  are  found  in  this  drug,  and  what  is  the  percentage  of  alka- 
loids? Give  some  characteristics  of  the  principal  alkaloid.  State  the 
medicinal  effects  of  the  alkaloid.  Give  the  medicinal  doses  of  the  root  and 
of  the  alkaloid. 
B.  — 31enispermum. — Name  the  plant,  its  natural  order,  its  habitat,  and  the 
part  employed  medicinally.  Describe  the  drug ;  also  its  structure,  and  state 
in  what  respects  this  structure  differs  from  that  of  the  overground  stem. 
Name  the  principal  constituents  of  the  drug,  its  medical  properties,  and 
state  its  dose. 
C.  — Gfuaiacum  wood. — What  is  the  name  of  the  plant,  its  natural  order,  and 
its  habitat?  Which  portion  of  the  wood  is  used?  Describe  it,  including  the 
structure.  What  amount  of  resin  does  the  wood  yield?  Give  a  color  reac- 
tion of  the  resin,  and  state  the  effects  of  some  solvents  upon  it.  What  impu- 
rities are  found  in  the  commercial  resin?    Give  the  dose  of  the  resin. 
D.  — Acrid  barks. — Name  the  officinal  barks  having  a  strongly  acrid  taste. 
State  to  what  principles  the  acrid  taste  is  due  in  each  case.  Describe  the 
main  characteristics — other  than  taste — by  which  these  barks  may  be  rec- 
ognized or  distinguished  from  one  another. 
E.  — Savine. — Name  the  plant,  its  natural  order,  its  habitat,  and  the  part 
collected.  Describe  the  drug,  stating  also  the  cause  of  certain  differences  in 
its  appearance.  Give  the  medical  properties  and  dose  of  the  drug.  Describe 
the  physical  properties  of  its  most  important  constituent,  and  give  its  chem- 
ical composition.  Name  principles  of  the  same  composition  obtained  from 
other  plants  of  the  same  natural  order,  and  state  in  each  case  from  which 
part  of  the  plant  it  is  obtained. 
F.  —  Umbelliferse. — Give  the  botanical  characters  of  the  natural  order  rela- 
ting to  the  fruit.  Name  the  officinal  fruits  of  this  order.  State  the  number 
of  oil  tubes  found  in  each  of  these  fruits,  and  give  brief  characteristics  of  the 
volatile  oil  of  each.  Which  umbelliferous  fruit  is  collected  before  ripe  and 
why? 
