210         Pharmaceutical  Colleges  and  Associations.  {AmApriM§9arm' 
Gr. — 1. — Is  there  any  chemical  distinction  between  the  fats  and  the  waxes  ? 
Illustrate  by  formulas  of  each  class. 
2.  — Write  the  reaction  for  the  saponification  of  a  fat  by  caustic  alkali,  by 
water,  and  by  lime. 
3.  — Which  are  the  most  generally  occurring  fat  acids  ? 
H.  — 1. — Write  the  several  reactions  showing  the  derivation  of  aniline 
from  benzene. 
2.  — How  are  these  reactions  carried  out  in  practice  ? 
3.  — Write  the  structural  formulas  of  the  several  derivatives  referred  to  in 
your  answer. 
I.  — 1. — How  would  you  define  an  alkaloid  ? 
2.  — Ity  what  reagents  can  alkaloids  be  detected  ? 
3.  — State  the  groups  into  which  they  are  usually  divided,  and  the  differ- 
ences upon  which  this  grouping  is  based. 
4.  — What  substances  seem  to  be  indicated  as  underlying  the  constitution 
of  many  of  the  alkaloids? 
K. — Give  both  chemical  a'nd  common  names  for  the  following  com- 
pounds— 
1.  2.  3.  4.  5. 
CHI3      CCI3  COOK  CH  CH 
I  I  /   %  /  % 
COH+H20    CHOH      HC      C.NH(C2H30)  HC  C-COH 
I  II       I  II  I 
CHOH      HC      CH  HC  CH 
I  \  S  \  // 
CO.O(SbO)      CH  CH 
EXAMINING  COMMITTEE. 
A.  — Opium. — 1.  Give  the  botanical  name  of  the  plant  from  which  it  is 
obtained.  2.  How  is  opium  prepared  ?  3.  What  Morphine  strength  is  re- 
quired by  the  Pharmacopoeia  for  powdered  opium  ?  4.  Name  all  the  offi- 
cinal liquid  preparations  containing  opium.  5.  What  percentage  of  opium 
is  contained  in  each  ? 
B.  — 1. — Name  the  officinal  drugs  obtained  from  the  cotton  plant. 
2. — Name  the  officinal  preparations  into  which  they  enter,  directly  or 
indirectly. 
C.  — 1. — Describe  three  readily  applied  methods  by  which  you  could  prove 
that  your  Sodium  Bicarbonate  receptacle  had  been  carelessly  filled  with 
Sodium  Borate. 
2. — How  is  a  mixture  of  fixed  oil  and  water  separated  by  filtration,  if  you 
desire  to  obtain  the  oil  clear  ? 
D.  — How  many  grammes  of  strychnine  will  there  be  in  two  litres  of  Tinc- 
ture of  Nux  Vomica,  U.  S.  P.,  if  its  specific  gravity  is  "900,  and  the  dry  ex- 
tract contains  8*8  per  cent,  of  the  alkaloid?  Show  all  figures  used  in  obtain- 
ing your  answer. 
E.  — 1. — Give  the  botanical  names  of  five  plants  which  owe  their  activity 
to  alkaloids  which  are  themselves  officinal. 
2. — Name  these  several  alkaloids  and  any  of  their  salts  that  may  be  offici- 
nal, together  with  the  adult  dose  of  each  of  the  latter. 
