Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
June,  1889. 
Insect  Flowers. 
295 
Otto  and  Beckurts,  hydrocarbons  (boiling  point,  1 90-359°),  59*6  ; 
phenols  (boiling  point,  200-310°),  10'4 ;  pyridine  bases,  0*8 ;  abietic 
acid,  23  ;  soda,  2*8  ;  water,  3*4.  The  miscibility  of  this  creolin  with 
water  is  due  to  the  presence  of  the  resin  soap ;  that  there  must  be 
other  substances  producing  the  same  results  is  evident  from  the  fact 
that  Artmann's  creolin  is  free  from  resin  or  fat  soap  and  still  possesses 
this  property. — Pharm.  Centralhalle,  1889,  227. 
INSECT  FLOWERS.1 
By  Prof.  Jos.  Schrenk. 
The  author  has  investigated  the  structural  characteristics  of  the 
commercial  insect  flowers,  and  has  pointed  out  certain  differences 
which  may  be  useful  in  determining  the  purity  of  commercial  insect 
powder,  and  also  its  origin.  The  most  important  results  may  be 
summarized  as  follows : 
The  stem  of  the  Dalmatian  plant  (Chrysanthemum  cineraricefolium) 
consists  in  the  ridges  of  collenchyma  tissue,  which  is  also  found  in  the 
depressions  in  the  Persian  plant  (Chrys  roseum) ;  but  in  a  good  insect 
powder  fragments,  composed  of  collenchyma  cells,  should  be  met  with 
only  sparingly. 
Fragments  of  the  involucral  scales,  composed  of  sclerenchyma 
cells,  are  much  more  numerous  in  the  Persian  than  in  the  Dalmatian 
powder. 
The  outer  surface  and  edges  of  the  scales  of  the  Dalmatian  flowers 
contain  numerous  hairs  consisting  of  a  long  cell  with  attenuated  ends 
placed  horizontally  upon  a  one-  to  three-celled  stalk.  The  Persian 
flowers  are  almost  entirely  glabrous,  a  white  hoariness  being  found 
only  at  and  near  the  base  of  the  scales,  and  very  few  hairs  near  the 
apex ;  the  hairs  are  of  the  same  structure  as  the  preceding,  only  the 
terminal  cell  being  much  longer. 
These  hairs  are  entirely  absent  from  the  involucre  and  stem  of  the 
so-called  Hungarian  or  Russian  daisy ;  but  the  scales  contain  hairs 
consisting  of  from  four  to  ten  cells  and  terminating  with  a  much 
elongated  thin- walled,  or  with  an  inflated  cell.  Another  form  of 
glandular  trichome  consists  of  ten  or  twelve  cells  forming  a  globular 
head  supported  on  a  short  stalk. 
1  Abstract  of  a  paper  published  in  American  Druggist,  March,  1889. 
