Am.  Jour.  Pharni. 
July,  1889. 
Manufacture  of  Chloroform. 
325 
process  and  form  of  apparatus  for  most  successfully  carrying  out  this 
chloroform  manufacture  constitute  the  subject  of  U.  S.  patent,  No. 
383,992,  also  issued  to  G.  Runipf,  and  assigned  to  Kcessler  and  Hass- 
lacher.  The  patentee  first  states  that  in  order  to  get  the  full  yield  of 
chloroform  it  is  necessary  to  take  a  much  larger  proportion  of  bleach- 
ing powder  than  that  given  in  Watts'  Dictionary  of  Chemistry,  Vol. 
I.,  page  918,  and  states  that  for  58  pounds  of  acetone  at  least  600 
pounds  of  chloride  of  lime  of  thirty-five  per  cent,  available  chlorine 
are  necessary.  The  yield  will  then  be  from  150  to  180  per  cent,  of  the 
weight  of  the  acetone  employed  instead  of  about  33  per  cent. 
The  construction  of  the  still  and  connections  are  shown  in  Fig.  3. 
The  still  having  been  filled  to  a  proper  height  with  water,  as  shown 
in  the  cut,  the  charge  of  bleaching  powder  is  introduced  and  the  man- 
Fig.  3. 
hole  c  closed  with  cement.  The  agitators  having  been  started  by 
means  of  the  revolving  shaft  b,  the  acetone,  previously  diluted,  is 
pumped  in  gradually  at  i.  As  it  enters,  it  rises  and  reacts  with  the 
bleaching  powder  solution  and  the  chloroform  produced  distills  spon- 
taneously from  the  delivery  tube  d,  passes  through  the  condenser  e 
and  is  collected  under  water  at  /.  The  introduction  of  the  diluted 
acetone  is  to  be  effected  at  intervals  only,  otherwise  some  acetone  will 
distill  over  unchanged,  or  the  reaction  will  become  too  violent  and 
much  frothing  ensue.  When  the  delivery  of  chloroform  begins  to 
slacken,  steam  is  gradually  introduced  to  heat  up  the  mixture  and 
drive  over  the  last  portions  of  the  chloroform  which  remain.  The 
contents  of  the  still  are  then  discharged  through  the  outlet  h  into  the 
drain.  They  consist  of  very  dilute  calcium  acetate  solution  mixed 
with  calcium  hydrate  and  calcium  chloride. 
