512 
Manufacture  of  Peel  Essences. 
Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
Oct.,  1889. 
1 J  ft.  high.  Later  on  it  is  in  some  seasons  much  attacked  by  green 
fly,  which  causes  the  leaves  to  pucker  and  wither.  This  generally 
takes  place  in  the  beginning  of  June. 
The  plant  is  usually  sold  in  the  green  state  for  extract  making,  and 
the  leaves  are  not  dried.  The  plant  is  cut  about  the  end  of  June. 
The  second  and  third  year  afford  the  best  crop  of  leaves,  and  the 
fourth  year  the  roots  are  dug  up  and  dried  and  the  seed  is  sown  in 
another  locality.  The  first  year  after  sowing,  the  leaves  are  not  fit  to 
cut,  so  that  practically  there  are  only  three  years  during  which  the 
plants  yield  a  crop. 
Foxglove. — This  is  only  cultivated  on  a  small  scale,  as  the  wild 
plant  is  largely  collected  elsewhere  for  the  purpose.  The  leaves  are 
generally  gathered  in  June  from  the  biennial  growth  before  the 
flowers  have  expanded. 
In  conclusion,  I  wish  to  take  this  opportunity  of  expressing  my 
thanks  to  Mr.  Moore  for  the  liberal  manner  in  which  he  has  afforded 
information  concerning  the  details  of  cultivation,  etc.,  of  the  above- 
mentioned  plants. — Phar.  Jour,  and  Trans.,  Aug.  17,  p.  122. 
MANUFACTURE  OF  PEEL  ESSENCES. 
Italy  has  always  been  the  home  of  the  orange  and  those  of  its  con- 
geners from  which  we  derive  the  essences,  such  as  lemon,  bergamot 
and  cedron,  which  are  of  so  great  importance  in  the  perfumery  and 
beverage  industries.  It  might  have  been  expected  that  the  Paris 
Exhibition  would  have  contained  a  more  representative  as  well  as  a 
greater  number  of  exhibits  in  this  class  than  it  does.  But  although 
we  were  somewhat  disappointed  on  this  score,  we  were  at  least  pleased 
to  note  one  or  two  exhibits  of  a  very  superior  character  in  the  Italian 
Court,  and  we  were  fortunate  in  meeting  an  attendant  at  one  of  them 
who  displayed  a  remarkable  amount  of  enthusiasm  regarding  his 
native  industry,  and  who  was  commendably  liberal  in  meeting  our 
request  for  some  information  regarding  his  methods  of  working. 
This  gentleman  was  Mr.  C.  Rizzuto,  of  Reggio-de-Calabre,  an  Italian 
town  of  37,000  inhabitants  situated  opposite  Messina.  Mr.  Rizzuto  is 
senior  partner  in  the  firm  of  C.  Rizzuto  et  Fils,  whose  manufactures, 
in  conjunction  with  those  of  Francoia  Genoese  Labocetta,  a  relation, 
are  exhibited  by  Pierro  Merlino  et  Fils  Cadet,  of  67  Rue  d'Haute- 
ville,  Paris,  in  the  Italian  Court  of  the  Exhibition. 
