550  The  Synthesis  of  Alkaloids.  {Am^oZ'Ss9&Tm' 
Ethyl  carbamate  (urethane)  CO  |  qq"  jj 
Diethyl-sulphon  dimethyl  methane  (sulphonal)  ( CH 3 )  2 .C. (C 2H  5 SO 2 )  2 
Ethylic  ether.  (02H5)20 
Methylene  chloride  (dichlor- methane)  CH2C12 
Chloroform  (trichlor  methane)  CHC1 3 
Iodoform  (tri-iodo  methane)  CHI3 
Chloral  hydrate  CC13CH0+H20 
Butyl  chloral  hydrate  (croton  chloral)  C3H4Cl3,CH0-f  H20 
Ethylene  chloride  C2H4C12 
Ether,  chloroform,  iodoform  and  chloral  hydrate  are,  of  course, 
not  new,  but  are  added  because  of  the  analogy  in  both  chem- 
ical and  therapeutic  properties.  Since  the  publication  of  this  lecture 
in  March  last,  an  additional  compound  has  been  announced  under 
the  name   of  "  Uralium,"  or  a  combination  of  chloral  and  urethane 
nn  f  NH.CH0H.CC13     ,  , 
CO  I  qq  3  and  with  therapeutic  properties  analogous  to 
those  of  both  chloral  and  urethane,  and  a  compound  of  chloral  with 
formamide  under  the  name  of  "  chloralamid."    This  last  has  the 
{OH 
NH  CHO  an(^  f°rms  colorless  crystals   with  a 
mild,  slightly  bitter  taste.    It  is  said  to  be  an  efficient  hypnotic. 
The  second  group  comprised  phenols  and  allied  compounds,  and 
along  with  a  few  of  the  older  compounds,  like  carbolic  and  salicylic 
acids,  included  a  number  of  quite  recently  studied  substances,  and  was 
as  follows  : 
Phenol  (carbolic  acid)  C6H5.OH 
Cresol  (cresylic  acid)  C6H4(CH3).OH 
Resorcin  (meta  dioxy  benzene)  \  C  H  I 
Hydroquinone  (para  dioxy  benzene)  >    6    4  I  OH 
f  ^H 
Thioresorcin  C6H4  |  g^- 
:3;l!;!;;:i:::::::::: 
Tri-brom  phenol    C6H2Br3.OH 
Tri-chlor  phenol  C6H,C13.0H 
Salicylic  acid  C6H4(OH).COOH 
Phenyl  salicylate  (salol)  C6H4(OH).  COOC6H& 
/5-Naphthyl  salicylate  (betol)  C6H4iOH).COOC10H7 
a  Oxy-naphthoic  acid  C10H6(OH)COOH 
Orthophenol-sulphonic  acid  (aseptol)  C6H4(HSO3).0H 
Di-iodo  phenol-sulphonate  (soziodol)  C6H2(HS03)I2.OH 
Their  general  therapeutic  character  is  that  of  antiseptics  and  anti- 
