AmDe°cU,ri8^9arm'}     Botany  Bay  or  Eucalyptus  Kino.  629 
Voyage  to  New  South  Wales,  by  John  White,  Esq.,  Surgeon-General 
to  the  Settlement,  London,  1790.  A  plant  is  figured  (flower-buds  and 
bark),  described  by  Dr.  (afterwards  Sir)  James  Smith,  who  wrote  the 
botanical  portion  of  White's  book,  as  a  new  species,  Eucalyptus  resini- 
fera, and  the  kino  is  thus  alluded  to : — "  On  making  incisions  in  the 
trunk  of  this  tree,  large  quantities  of  red  resinous  juice  are  obtained,' 
sometimes  even  more  than  60  gallons  from  a  single  tree.  When  this 
juice  is  dried,  it  becomes  a  very  powerfully  astringent  gum-resin,  of  a 
red  color,  much  resembling  that  known  in  the  shops  by  the  name  of 
kino,  and  for  all  medical  purposes  fully  as  efficacious.  Mr.  White 
administered  it  to  a  great  number  of  patients  in  the  dysentery  which 
prevailed  much  soon  after  the  landing  of  the  convicts,  and  in  no  single 
instance  found  it  to  fail.  This  gum  resin  dissolves  almost  entirely  in 
spirit  of  wine,  to  which  it  gives  a  blood-red  tincture.  Water  dissolves 
about  one-sixth  part  only,  and  the  watery  solution  is  of  a  bright  red. 
Both  these  solutions  are  powerfully  astringent."  What  particular 
tree  is  indicated  in  the  above  passage  will  probably  never  be  known. 
The  sample  of  bark  figured  is  smooth  and  scribbly,  like  that  of  E. 
hceemastoma  perhaps,  and  certainly  as  unlike  that  of  the  two  trees 
named  by  Sir  James  Smith  and  Allan  Cunningham,  E.  resinifera1 
(vide  infra),  as  it  is  possible  for  it  to  be.  Only  two  trees  in  the  Syd- 
ney district  yield  kino  in  anything  like  the  abundance  it  was  alleged 
to  have  been  yielded  by  the  E.  resinifera  of  Smith.  They  are  E. 
corymbosa  and  Angophora  intermedia,  but  although  I  am  well 
acquainted  with  these  trees,  and  have  made  the  matter  of  exudations 
of  our  native  trees  my  special  observation  for  over  three  years,  the 
highest  reliable  estimate  of  the  quantity  yielded  by  either  of  them 
would  not  be  more  than  one-third  of  the  quantity  mentioned  by 
White.  The  red  color  would,  however,  exclude  the  Angophora,  while 
E.  corymbosa  yields  a  "  blood-red  tincture"  to  spirit  of  wine,  and  dis- 
solves almost  entirely  in  that  liquid,  but  such  a  kino  would  be  readily 
and  almost  entirely  soluble  in  cold  water.  Smith's  description  also 
contains  the  statement :  "  The  wood  is  extremely  brittle,  and  from 
the  large  quantity  of  resinous  gum  it  contains  is  of  little  use  but  for 
firewood."  Not  too  much  stress  should  be  laid  upon  an  expression 
of  opinion  of  the  value  of  a  timber  made  only  a  few  months  after  the 
settlement  of  this  continent,  but  the  description  of  the  wood  being  full 
3  E.  punctata  (included  in  E.  resinifera)  has  a  smoothish  bark,  but  is  not 
scribbly. 
