638  Reviews  and  Bibliographical  Notices.     { Am  De°cU,riSarm* 
Iowa. — Tenth  annual  meeting,  pp.  96. — See  page  537. 
New  Jersey  —  Nineteenth  annual  meeting,  pp.  113. — See  page  318. 
New  York. — Eleventh  annual  meeting,  pp.  216. — See  page  538. 
Texas. — Tenth  annual  meeting,  pp.  47. — See  page  380. 
Wandtafelnzur  Mikroskopie  der  Nahrungs-  undGenussmittel&us  dem  Pflanzenreiche. 
Von  Docent  Dr.  Josef  Nevinny,  Assistent  der  Lehrkanzel  fur  Pharmakologie 
und  Pharmakognosie  an  der  Wiener  TTniversitat.  Gezeichnet  von  Dr.  C.  Hen- 
ning.  I.  Lieferung.  Wien  :  Alfred  Holder.  1889. 
Charts  on  the  microscopy  of  the  articles  of  nourishment  and  food  derived 
from  the  vegetable  kingdom. 
This  is  the  first  instalment  of  a  work  intended  to  illustrate  the  structural 
characteristics  of  such  vegetable  substances,  which  are  used  as  food,  or  are 
employed  for  the  adulteration  of  the  same.  The  size  of  the  charts  being  59x86 
centimeters,  they  afford  ample  room  for  the  illustration  of  the  important  ana- 
tomical elements  of  each  article  of  such  a  size  as  to  be  useful  for  class  instruc- 
tion. Many  of  the  articles  selected  for  illustration  are  medicinally  emploj^ed, 
like  taraxacum,  ginger,  cinnamon,  cloves,  pepper,  capsicum,  figs,  staranise, 
flaxseed,  almonds,  nutmeg,  mustard,  ergot,  etc.;  the  remainder  are  important 
articles  of  consumption,  like  tea,  coffee,  cacao,  the  cereals,  beans,  peas,  etc.,  or 
like  some  of  the  drugs  named  above,  or  like  date  seeds,  palm  kernels,  etc.,  are 
employed  for  the  adulteration  of  spices  or  food.  Examinations  of  articles  of 
daily  use  by  means  of  the  microscope,  with  the  view  of  establishing  their 
identity  and  purity,  are  regarded  as  important  adjuncts  of  chemical  investiga- 
tions for  the  objects  stated ;  in  fact  microscopical  researches  are  continually 
being  extended  in  most  lines  of  research,  and  microscopy,  as  such,  is  fast 
occupying  the  ground  for  becoming  a  distinct  discipline  of  a  scientific  or  liberal 
education.  The  work,  a  portion  of  which  is  now  before  us,  is  intended — in 
part  at  least— to  further  this  evolution  in  one  branch  of  research.  The  author, 
who  is  assistant  to  the  chair  of  pharmacology  and  pharmacognosy  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Vienna,  has  selected  the  material,  with  good  judgment,  from  prepara- 
tions made  by  himself,  and  the  drawings  have  been  accurately  and  artistically 
made  by  Dr.  Henning.  The  four  charts  now  before  us  leave  nothing  to  desire 
in  regard  to  the  objects  in  view.  The  parts  containing  four  such  charts,  and 
costing  eight  marks  each,  will  be  issued  at  intervals,  so  that  the  entire  work, 
which,  for  the  present,  is  limited  to  sixty  such  plates,  will  be  in  the  hands  of 
subscribers  in  about  two  years,  when  it  is  contemplated  to  publish,  as  accom- 
panying text,  a  hand-bood  on  the  same  subject.  To  judge  from  the  first  part 
now  before  us,  the  work  deserves  the  attention  of  the  teachers  on  microscopy 
and  of  pharmacognosy,  and  of  all  those  who  are  interested  in  the  examination 
of  food  by  means  of  the  microscope. 
Foods  and  Food  Adulterants. — Investigations  made  under  direction  of  Dr.  H.  W. 
Wiley,  Chief  Chemist.  Part  V.  Baking  powders.  By  C.  A.  Crampton, 
Analytical  Chemist.    Pp.  560-628. 
Issued  as  a  part  of  Bulletin  13  of  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  Division 
of  Chemistry,  the  pamphlet  has  accomplished  a  very  good  result  in  showing 
the  inferior  quality  of  some  of  the  commercial  baking  powders.  A  formula  is 
given  for  a  baking  powder  of  a  better  than  the  average  quality  and  which  can 
