^"^S.'issT'"'}     Researches  on  the  Cinchona  Alkaloids.  Ill 
alkalies  in  white  amorphous  flakes,  which  after  a  short  time  become 
crystalline.  If  dissolved  in  its  molecular  weight  of  sulphuric  acid 
and  a  little  water,  and  this  solution  be  evaporated  to  dryness,  it 
becomes  colored  brown,  even  at  120°C.,  but  at  from  130  to  140°C.  is 
completely  and  without  loss  of  weight  converted  into  apocinchonicia} 
Apocinchonia  forms  with  the  acids,  which  it  completely  neutralizes, 
some  well  crystallizable  salts,  of  which  the  following  were  more  closely 
examined. 
The  neutral  sulphate  (C^^H22^ 2^)2-^2^^ i-^^^-2P)  forms  colorless, 
star-shaped  groups  of  delicate  needles,  which  are  readily  soluble  in 
alcohol,  chloroform  and  hot  water. 
The  neutral  hydrochlorate  is  obtained  as  glittering,  concentrically 
grouped,  silky  needles,  which  are  readily  soluble  in  alcohol  and  water. 
The  chloroplatinate  is  an  amorphous,  flocculent,  dark  yellow  precipitate. 
Diapocinchonia,  C38H44N4O2,  remains  dissolved  in  the  alcoholic 
mother  liquid  of  the  apocinchonia.  This  solution  is  neutralized  with 
hydrochloric  acid,  the  alcohol  evaporated,  the  liquid  supersaturated 
with  ammonia,  and  the  alkaloid  extracted  by  agitation  with  ether,  on 
the  evaporation  of  which  it  is  obtained  usually  contaminated  with  a 
little  apocinchonia,  from  which  it  may  be  freed  by  treatment  with  the 
smallest  possible  quantity  of  absolute  ether;  after  decolorizing  the 
ethereal  solution  with  animal  charcoal,  the  alkaloid  is  obtained  as  a 
pale  yellow  mass,  yielding  a  white  powder.  It  has  an  alkaline  reac- 
tion, dissolves  readily  in  ether,  alcohol  and  chloroform,  and  deviates 
the  plane  of  polarization  to  the  right,  dissolved  in  alcohol  +20*0°,  and 
in  water  with  3IIC1  +23'6°.  The  solution  in  hydrochloric  acid  sepa- 
rates the  alkaloid  upon  addition  of  an  excess  of  ammonia  or  soda  in  a 
resinous  form ;  it  forms  with  the  acids  neutral  and  acid  salts,  of  which 
the  following  were  more  closely  examined. 
The  neutral  oxalate,  obtained  by  neutralizing  the  alcoholic  solution 
with  oxalic  acid,  forms  an  amorphous,  scarcely  hygroscopic  mass,  which 
is  readily  soluble  in  chloroform.  The  neutral  hydrochlorate  is  likcAvise 
^  Apocinchonicia  is  in  its  free  condition  very  unstable ;  it  is  amorphous, 
dissolves  readily  in  ether,  alcohol,  chloroform  and  dilute  acids,  and  is  pre- 
cipitated from  the  latter  solutions  by  caustic  potassa  or  soda  in  a  resinous 
form.  It  appears  to  have  no  action  on  2)olarized  light.  Its  neutral  oxalate 
is  amorphoufi^  and  the  alkaloid  is  therefore  different  from  cinchonicia.  Its 
platinum  salt  is  a  yellow  flocculent  j)recipitate,  which  gradually  becomes 
cr^'stalline,  and  the  composition  of  which  corresponds  to  the  formula 
€,,H,,N,0,  PtCleH,+2H.,0. 
