Am.  Jour.  Pharm. ) 
Mar.,  1881.  j 
Cinchona  Ledger iana. 
133 
the  'rojo'  2:»laiits  and  seeds."  Manuel  was  always  very  taciturn  and 
reserved.  I  said  nothing  at  the  time,  there  being  some  thirty  more  of 
my  Indians  sitting  around  the  large  fire.  The  next  day  he  reluctantly 
told  me  how  every  stranger  on  entering  the  Yungas  was  closely  watched, 
unobserved  by  himself ;  how  several  seed  collectors  had  had  their  seed 
changed  ;  how  their  germinating  j)ower  was  destroyed  by  their  own  guides, 
servants,  etc.  He  also  assured  me  how  all  the  Indians  most  implicitly 
believe  if  by  plants  or  seed  from  the  Yungas  the  cinchonas  are  successfully 
propagated  in  other  countries  all  their  own  trees  will  perish.  Such,  I 
assure  you,  is  tlieir  superstition.  Although  there  are  no  laws  jjrohibiting 
the  cinchona  seed  or  plants  being  taken  out  of  the  country,  still  I  have 
seen  in  private  instructions  from  the  j^refect  in  La  Paz  to  sub-prefects  of 
Sorata  and  Caupolican  ordering  strictest  vigilance,  to  prevent  any  i)ersoii 
itaking  seed  or  plants  out  of  the  country.  More  than  half  a  dozen  times  I 
have  had  my  luggage,  bedding,  etc.,  searched  when  coming  out  of  the  val- 
leys of  the  Yungas. 
So  much  importance  did  I  attach  to  all  I  heard  from  Manuel,  that,  as 
an  Englishman,  I  looked  upon  it  as  a  duty  to  advise  Mr.  Markham  and 
put  him  on  his  guard.  I  consequently  addressed  him,  relating  all  I  had 
heard,  under  cover  to  Mr.  George  H.  Nugent,  H.B.M.'s  vice  consul,  Arica, 
sending  by  express  (on  foot,  of  course)  a  distance  of  more  than  600  miles. 
Some  two  months  after  I  received  answer,  saying,  "  Your  letter  arrived  too 
late.  Mr.  Markham  is  now  in  Carabaj^a,  not  having  been  allowed  to  enter 
Boli  via."  Although  Mr.  Markham  was  unsuccessful  uj^on  this  occasion, 
he  subsequently  succeeded,  as  related  by  him  in  his  "  Popular  Account  of 
the  Introduction  of  Cinchona  Cultivation  into  British  India,"  1880,  and  in 
a  book  published  in  1862. 
You  are  aware  how  I  am  looked  upon  as  a  doctor  by  the  Indians.  Well, 
one  day  soon  after,  when  making  a  decoction  from  some  "  coca  "  leaves, 
Manuel  had  brought  me  the  boiling  water,  I  said  :  "  Manuel,  I  may  some 
day  require  some  seed  and  flowers  of  the  famous  white  flower,  rogo 
cascarrilla,  as  a  remedy,  and  I  shall  rely  on  your  not  deceiving  me  in  the 
way  you  have  told  me."  He  merely  said,  "  Patron,  if  yoi6  ever  require 
such  seed  and  flowers,  I  will  not  deceive  you.''''  And  I  thought  no  more 
about  it. 
Manuel  was  never  aware  of  my  requiring  seed  and  leaves  for  propagat- 
ing purposes ;  he  was  always  told  they  were  wanted  to  make  a  special 
remedy  for  a  special  illness.  After  much  thought,  and  from  my  knowl- 
edge of  him,  I  question  if  he  would  have  got  them  for  propagating  pur-, 
poses.  He  was  very  much  attached  to  me,  no  doubt,  but  he  was  afraid  of 
his  own  peoi^le. 
For  many  years,  since  1844,  I  had  felt  deeply  interested  in  seeing 
Europe,  and  my  own  dear  country  in  i)articular,  free  from  being  dependent 
on  Peru  or  Bolivia  for  supply  of  life-giving  quinine,  remembering  and 
relying  on  Manuel's  promise  to  me  in  1856,  and  I  resolved  to  do  all  in  my 
power  to  obtain  the  very  best  cinchona  seed  produced  in  Bolivia. 
His  son  Santiago  went  to  Australia  with  me  in  1858.  In  1861,  the  day 
hefore  sending  back  to  South  America  Santiago  and  other  Indians  who 
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