162  Researches  on  the  Cinchoiia  Alkaloids.  {^""Yphussl"'" 
IV.  Action  of  Highly  Concentrated  Hydrochloric  Acid^  upon  the 
previously  described  apo-bases,  and  the  respective  original  alkaloids. — If 
the  primary  apo-bases,  aj^oquiniaj  apociiichonidia  and  their  isomers,  be 
ilieated  with  liighly  concentrated  hydrochloric  acid  for  six  hours,  in 
sealed  tubes,  at  140  to  150°C.,  they  are  converted  by  absorption  of 
liydrochloric  acid  into  hydrochlorapo  compounds,  in  which  generally 
•  3  molecules  of  hydrochloric  acid  are  contained  in  combination  with 
"1  molecule  of  the  base,  but  of  which  only  2  molecules  are  indicated 
by  nitrate  of  silver.  If  the  contents  of  the  tubes  be  mixed  with  half 
the  volume  of  water,  the  compounds,  for  the  most  part,  separate  out. 
The  diapocinchonia  is  not  altered  when  subjected  to  the  same  treat- 
ment with  highly  concentrated  hydrochloric  acid. 
The  same  hydrochloric  compounds  are  obtained  when  the  respective 
voriginal  substances  are  subjected  to  the  action  of  highly  concentrated 
Ihydrochloric  acid  under  the  conditions  stated ;  operating  with  quinia 
;and  quinidia,  or  their  salts  (hydrochlorate,  sulphate),  the  formation  of 
metliyl  chloride  is  observed,  which,  by  the  pressure  produced  in  the 
tube,  condenses  in  part  to  a  mobile,  strongly  refractive  liquid.  With 
^cmchoaiidia  and  its  isomers  no  methyl  chloride  is  formed,  and  no  pres- 
:sure  is  therefore  produced  in  the  tubes.  By  the  same  treatment  cin- 
'chonia  yields,  besides  hydrochlorapocinchonia  and  a  little  apocinchonia, 
.also  traces  of  diajjocinchonia. 
From  this  statement  of  results  it  is  manifest  that  the  bodies  obtained 
iby  Zoi'ii  are  not  direct  derivatives  of  quinia,  cinchonia,  etc.,  but  that 
vthey  are  deducted  from  apoquinia,  apocinchonia,  etc.,  so,  indeed,  that  to 
-molecule  of  the  apo-base  a  molecule  of  hydrochloric  acid  had  i 
^becom^  annexed. 
Hydrochloraj)oquinia,  C\9H23C1X202+2H20. — The  pure  dichlorhy- 
drate  of  tliis  base  may  be  prepared  according  to  the  method  of  Zorn 
<f*Jotjm,  fur  prakt.  Chem.,"  [2],  8,  283).     For  the  preparation  of  the 
:  alkaloid  tliis  salt  is  dissolved  in  lukewarm  water  and  the  alkaloid 
precipitated  with  a  slight  excess  of  ammonia.    The  voluminous  pre- 
cipitate obtained  is  washed  with  water  and  dried  by  exposure  to  the  air, 
when  it  forms  white  irregular  masses,  which  may  be  reduced  to  a  white 
powder.    The  alkaloid  is  precipitated  from  its  solution  in  acids  at  the 
'Ordinary  temperature  by  ammonia  or  caustic  soda  in  the  form  of  deli- 
neate white  flocks,  which  dissolve  readily  in  alcohol,  chloroform  and 
^  The  highly  concentrated  acid  was  formed  by  saturating  the  ordinary 
^uxe  concentrated  acid,  at  — 17°C.,  with  liydrochloric  acid  gas. 
