Am.  Jour.  Pharm. ) 
June,  1881.  / 
Sanguinaria  Canadensis. 
275 
Fig.  2  represents  a  longitudinal  section  of  the  rhizome,  the  structure 
■of  which  may  be  understood  from  the  above  ex2)lanation  of  the  cross- 
section. 
Fig.  3  represents  a  transverse  section  of  a  rootlet ;  the  vessels  are 
seen  to  be  closely  aggregated  in  the  center,  surrounded  by  sieve  tubes, 
which,  as  they  become  more  removed  from  the  vessels,  are  of  some- 
what, but  slightly,  increased  diameter.  Outside  of  the  nucleus  sheath 
the  structure  consists  of  parenchyme,  flattened  and  elongated,  and  cort- 
iaining  resin  cells.  » 
iBanguinaria  Canadensis.— 4.  Rootlet,  longitudinal  section,  magnified. 
Fig.  4  shows  a  longitudinal  section  of  a  rootlet,  which  is  understood 
by  the  above  description  of  the  transverse  section. 
Fig.  5  shows  the  starch  granules  highly  magnified,  probabl}'  two- 
thirds  of  the  granules  being  of  the  size  of  1-ah,  while  the  remainder 
■are  of  the  size  l-cd. 
The  granule  1-a  measures  0*022  mm.,  while  the  smallest  granules 
measured  j  0*0032  mm.  2  shows  the  appearance  of  a  granule  under 
polarized  light. 
A  represents  a  transverse  section  of  rhizome,  of  natural  size. 
B  1  and  2  represent  two  ducts  much  magnified,  1  being  a  spiral 
duct  from  a  rootlet,  2,  a  dotted  duct  from  the  rhizome. 
The  external  layer  of  cells  in  both  rhizome  and  rootlet  do  not  differ 
materially  from  the  others,  being  only  slightly  flattened. 
Chemical  Examination. — Four  pounds  (avd.)  of  carefull}^  selected 
rhizome  were  reduced  to  powder  No.  50  and  exhausted  with  stronger 
alcohol ;  the  alcohol  was  removed  l)y  distillation,  leaving  a  soft  dark 
red  extract,  weighing  |  pound  (avd.).    The  extract  was  then  mixed 
