Am.  Jour,  Pharm.  \ 
January,  1897.  J 
Murray  Red  Gum  and  Its  Kino. 
3 
When  the  kino  exudes  it  is  of  the  consistency  of  molasses,  and 
has  a  sourish  odor.  In  a  few  days  it  dries  into  a  solid  mass,  which 
subsequently  becomes  quite  friable.  It  is  owing  to  this  property 
(shared  by  other  kinos  of  my  "  turbid  group ")  that  it  cannot  be 
collected  in  an  indurated  condition  by  simple  picking  from  the  bark 
of  the  trees,  as  can  kinos  belonging  to  my  "  ruby  "and  "gummy 
groups,"  which  do  not  become  friable  with  age. 
As  much  as  4  gallons  have  been  procured  from  one  tree,  but  this 
is  exceptional.  On  an  average,  not  more  than  1  quart  per  tree  is 
obtained,  and  from  the  majority  of  trees  no  appreciable  quantity  of 
kino  is  obtained  by  tapping.    Many  are  all  but  free  from  it. 
The  usual  price  paid  on  the  Murray  River  at  the  present  time, 
for  liquid  kino  (before  induration)  is  yd.  per  pound,  and  a  large 
quantity  could  be  forthcoming  at  that  price,  if  a  steady  demand 
were  to  set  in  for  it.  A  good  workingman  can  procure  between 
10  and  12  pounds  per  day  of  the  liquid  kino.  It  loses  but  little 
weight  in  drying. 
The  kino  of  the  red  gum  is  perhaps  the  best  known  of  all  Euca- 
lyptus kinos.  The  following  notes  of  it  were  published  by  me  in 
the  Proceedings  of  the  Linnean  Society  of  New  South  Wales  for  Sep- 
tember, 1 89 1  : 
It  is  a  useful  astringent,  and  it  seems  to  be  increasing  in  favor 
with  medical  men  in  England,  America  and  Australia. 
The  official  kino  (Pterocarpus)  contains,  I  believe,  no  substance 
which  is  not  contained  in  this  and  some  allied  kinos,  for  which  they 
appear  to  be  a  perfect  substitute.  See  Pharm.  Jour.  [3]  20,  221, 
321. 
The  kino  of  E.  rostrata  will  be  found  mentioned  in  all  modern 
works  on  Materia  Medica.  In  Martindale  and  Westcott's  Extra 
Pharmacopceia,  for  instance,  we  have  the  following : 
"  E.  rostrata  and  E.  corymbosa,  and  probably  other  species 
imported  from  Australia.  It  is  semi-translucent  and  garnet-colored, 
not  so  dark  as,  but  resembling,  kino  in  appearance,  soluble  in  water, 
tough,  difficult  to  powder  [not  correct  as  applied  to  these  two  kinos. 
— J.  H.  M.]  ;  it  adheres  to  the  teeth  when  chewed,  is  intensely  astrin- 
gent to  the  mucous  membrane,  useful  in  diarrhoea,  relaxed  throats, 
and  given  with  success  to  check  the  purging  of  mercurial  pills." 
But  the  following  statements  pertaining  to  the  percentage  of  tannic 
acid  and  the  solubility  are  somewhat  misleading,  since  I  have  shown 
